Classic studies on hematopoiesis indicate that blood cell numbers are maintained by rare, hard-wired, transplantable stem cells (SCs). Subsequent studies in other organs have implicitly assumed that all SC hierarchies ...

The liver can substantially regenerate after injury, with both main epithelial cell types, hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells (BECs), playing important roles in parenchymal regeneration. Beyond metabolic functions, ...

Small RNAs trigger the formation of epialleles that are silenced across generations. Consequently, RNA-directed epimutagenesis is associated with persistent gene repression. Here, we demonstrate that small interfering ...

The Foxp3 transcription factor is a crucial determinant of both regulatory T (T REG ) cell development and their functional maintenance. Appropriate modulation of tolerogenic immune responses therefore requires the tight ...

Background Emerging data in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients suggest that iron deficiency and higher circulating levels of erythropoietin (EPO) stimulate the expression and concomitant cleavage of the osteocyte-derived, ...

BACKGROUND: Erythropoietin (EPO) has been reported as a novel determinant of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) production; however, it is unknown whether FGF23 is stimulated by chronic exposure to EPO or by EPO administration ...

Insights into the stem cell niche have allowed researchers to cultivate adult tissue stem cells as organoids that display structural and phenotypic features of healthy and diseased epithelial tissues. Organoids derived ...

Stem cells are the foundation of all mammalian life. Stem cells build and maintain our bodies throughout life. Two types of stem cells are discerned.1) Embryonic stem cells (ES cells) are briefly present in the early human ...