Marginal structural models are causal models designed to adjust for time-dependent confounders in observational studies with dynamically adjusted treatments. They are robust tools to assess causality in complex longitudinal ...

This article examines the EU's decision-making on military operations to assess the contested nature of the EU as an international security actor. It investigates both the decision-making process on the launch and subsequent ...

The aim of this study was to test whether Cummins’ Linguistic Interdependence Hypothesis (LIH) might also apply to writing, by determining to what extent writers’ text quality, source use and argumentation behavior are ...

We present approximate structure learning algorithms for Bayesian networks. We discuss the two main phases of the task: the preparation of the cache of the scores and structure optimization, both with bounded and unbounded ...

This article examines the extent to which public service motivation (PSM), more specifically the PSM dimension commitment to the public interest (CPI), is related to volunteering. The claims for the relationship between ...

De potentie van aquathermie, het winnen van warmte uit water, is groot, maar niet oneindig. Zeker in stedelijk gebied kan de warmtevraag groter blijken dan het aanbod uit oppervlaktewater, afvalwater of drinkwater. Als ...

In the Atlantic, the ocean circulation transports warm and light waters northwards at the surface, and cold and dense waters southwards at depth. This large-scale circulation is called Atlantic Meridional Overturning ...

While the early Eocene has been considered in many modelling studies, detailed simulations of the middle and late Eocene climate are currently scarce. To understand Antarctic glaciation at the Eocene-Oligocene Transition ...

Large-scale surveys such as the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS), and the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competences (PIAAC) ...