Evolution of Fe Species during the Synthesis of Over-Exchanged Fe/ZSM5 Obtained by Chemical Vapor Deposition of FeCl3

Abstract

The evolution of iron in over-exchanged Fe/ZSM5 prepared via chemical vapor deposition of FeCl{3} was studied at each stage of the synthesis. Different characterization techniques (EXAFS, HR-XANES, }5{}7{Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy, }2{}7{Al NMR, EELS, HR-TEM, XRD, N{2} physisorption, and FTIR spectroscopy) were applied in order to correlate the changes occurring in the local environment of the Fe atoms with migration and aggregation phenomena of iron at micro- and macroscopic scale. Mononuclear isolated Fe-species are formed upon FeCl{3} sublimation, which are transformed into binuclear Fe-complexes during washing. During calcination, iron detached from the Bronsted sites migrates to the external surface of the zeolite, finally leading to significant agglomeration. Nevertheless, agglomeration of Fe can be strongly suppressed by adequately tuning the conditions of the calcination.