The reliability, validity, and responsiveness of tests used to assess the effects of power training in older adults: a systematic review

Abstract

Background: Research shows that power training offers more potential for improving muscle power and physical performance in older adults than strength training. However, the measurement properties of the tests used to assess the effects of power training are unclear. Objective: to review the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of tests used to measure the effects of power training in older adults. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted on 24 previously identified tests in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and SPORTDiscus until April 29, 2024. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist. Tests were categorized according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) and evaluated using Terwee’s Modified Quality Criteria for Rating the Results of Measurement Properties. Results: The search yielded a total of 74 articles, of which a majority had ‘doubtful’ or ‘inadequate’ methodological quality. Research on reliability was abundant and was considered high for a majority of tests, while validity and responsiveness were studied less. None of the included tests satisfied all criteria for Terwee’s Checklist. Conclusions: Aiming to cover each of the ICF domains, this review suggests the 1RM bench press, 1RM leg press, and CMJ for the function domain; and the 6-MWT, 10-MWT, timed stair climb, 5-STS, 30-seconds Sit to Stand, and TUG for the activities domain. No recommendations can be made for the participation domain at this time.