The NOS1AP gene rs10494366 common genetic variant does not modify the risk of sudden cardiac death in users of digoxin

Abstract

Aims: Common genetic variations in the nitric oxide synthase-1 adaptor protein (NOS1AP) gene are associated with QT-interval prolongation. In a previous study, we observed an association between the rs10494366 variant of this gene and an increased QT-interval shortening in digoxin users. As QT-interval shortening is a risk factor for sudden cardiac death (SCD), in this study, we investigated whether the association between digoxin use and risk of SCD differs in participants with different NOS1AP rs10494366 genotypes. Methods: We included 11 377 individuals from the prospective population-based cohort of the Rotterdam Study. We used Cox proportional hazard regression analysis with digoxin as time-dependent exposure to estimate the associations between current digoxin use and the risk of SCD among different rs10494366 genotype groups in the adjusted models. We also studied whether such an association was dose-dependent, comparing high dosage (≥ 0.250 mg), moderate dosage (0.125 mg ≤ dose< 0.250 mg) and low dosage (< 0.125 mg) digoxin users with non-users. Results: The median baseline age of the total study population was 62 (interquartile range [IQR] 58–71) years. The cumulative incidence of SCD was 4.1% (469 cases), and among them, 74 (15.7%) individuals were current digoxin users at the time of death, during a median follow-up of 11.5 (IQR 6.5–17) years. Current digoxin users had an increased risk of SCD (multivariable adjusted model hazard ratio [HR]: 3.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.38–3.98), with no significant differences between the three genotype groups. The adjusted HRs were 4.03 [95% CI: 1.98–8.21] in the minor homozygous GG, 3.46 [95% CI: 2.37–5.04] in the heterozygous TG and 2.56 [95%CI: 1.70–3.86] in the homozygous TT genotype groups. Compared to low- and moderate-dose, high-dose digoxin users with GG genotype had the highest risk of SCD (HR: 5.61 [95% CI: 1.34–23.47]). Conclusions: Current use of digoxin is associated with a significantly increased risk of SCD. The NOS1AP gene rs10494366 variant did not modify the digoxin-associated risk of SCD in a population of European ancestry.