A multicentric randomized controlled phase III trial of adaptive and 18F-FDG-PET-guided dose-redistribution in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (ARTFORCE)
de Leeuw, Anna Liza M.P.; Giralt, Jordi; Tao, Yungan; Benavente, Sergi; France Nguyen, Thanh Vân; Hoebers, Frank J.P.; Hoeben, Ann; Terhaard, Chris H.J.; Wai Lee, Lip; Friesland, Signe; Steenbakkers, Roel J.H.M.; Tans, Lisa; Heukelom, Jolien; Kayembe, Mutamba T.; van Kranen, Simon R.; Bartelink, Harry; Rasch, Coen R.N.; Sonke, Jan Jakob; Hamming-Vrieze, Olga
(2024) Radiotherapy and Oncology, volume 196
(Article)
Abstract
Background and purpose: This multicenter randomized phase III trial evaluated whether locoregional control of patients with LAHNSCC could be improved by fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET)-guided dose-escalation while minimizing the risk of increasing toxicity using a dose-redistribution and scheduled adaptation strategy. Materials and methods: Patients with T3-4-N0-3-M0 LAHNSCC were randomly assigned
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(1:1) to either receive a dose distribution ranging from 64-84 Gy/35 fractions with adaptation at the 10th fraction (rRT) or conventional 70 Gy/35 fractions (cRT). Both arms received concurrent three-cycle 100 mg/m2 cisplatin. Primary endpoints were 2-year locoregional control (LRC) and toxicity. Primary analysis was based on the intention-to-treat principle. Results: Due to slow accrual, the study was prematurely closed (at 84 %) after randomizing 221 eligible patients between 2012 and 2019 to receive rRT (N = 109) or cRT (N = 112). The 2-year LRC estimate difference of 81 % (95 %CI 74–89 %) vs. 74 % (66–83 %) in the rRT and cRT arm, respectively, was not found statistically significant (HR 0.75, 95 %CI 0.43–1.31, P=.31). Toxicity prevalence and incidence rates were similar between trial arms, with exception for a significant increased grade ≥ 3 pharyngolaryngeal stenoses incidence rate in the rRT arm (0 versus 4 %, P=.05). In post-hoc subgroup analyses, rRT improved LRC for patients with N0-1 disease (HR 0.21, 95 %CI 0.05–0.93) and oropharyngeal cancer (0.31, 0.10–0.95), regardless of HPV. Conclusion: Adaptive and dose redistributed radiotherapy enabled dose-escalation with similar toxicity rates compared to conventional radiotherapy. While FDG-PET-guided dose-escalation did overall not lead to significant tumor control or survival improvements, post-hoc results showed improved locoregional control for patients with N0-1 disease or oropharyngeal cancer treated with rRT.
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Keywords: 18F-FDG PET, Adaptive radiotherapy, Chemoradiation, Dose escalation, Dose painting, Head and neck cancer, Oropharynx cancer, RCT, SCCHN, Hematology, Oncology, Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging
ISSN: 0167-8140
Publisher: Elsevier Ireland Ltd
Note: Publisher Copyright: © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
(Peer reviewed)