Silk fibroin in regenerative medicine: material evolution and biofabrication techniques

Abstract

The pursuit of innovative biomaterials and biofabrication techniques in regenerative medicine faces ongoing challenges due to the complex nature of tissues and organs requiring regeneration. Ideal biomaterials should seamlessly integrate with host tissues, possess appropriate mechanical properties, minimize immune rejection, and support cell growth and differentiation. This necessitates a diverse range of customizable biomaterials and precise biofabrication techniques to create functional tissue constructs. This thesis focuses on silk fibroin (SF) as a promising material for regenerative medicine. SF, historically associated with luxury textiles, has emerged as a key component in biofabrication due to its versatility. Chapters explore enhancing SF scaffolds' extensibility, coagulation methods' influence on SF aerogels, and the integration of SF with other materials to improve mechanical properties. Additionally, the thesis examines the creation of tube-like structures for kidney regeneration using temperature-sensitive hydrogels. Despite promising advances, challenges such as long-term storage of SF solutions, control over SF structure, and the transition to scalable production processes remain. Bridging the gap between lab research and clinical applications requires extensive preclinical studies. Despite these challenges, SF's potential for biomedical applications is recognized by emerging companies and ongoing clinical trials, paving the way for transformative innovations in regenerative medicine.