Note: Funding Information: PRL and RZ report no conflict of interest. BM reports grant funding from NIH/NHLBI, Translational Breast Cancer Research Foundation, UPMC Learning While Doing Program and Bayer; personal fees for consulting from Boehringer Ingelheim, Synairgen Research, Ltd and BioAegis, Inc. and payment for expert testimony from VeraMedica Institute, LLC. CAB reports personal fees for consulting from Bayer, BMS Pfizer, Lilly, Novartis, Amgen and honoraria for lectures from Bayer, BMS Pfizer, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Amgen, Sanofi. Funding Information: We are grateful to the NIHR Clinical Research Network (UK), UPMC Health System Health Services Division (US), the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Canada) and the Direction de la Recherche Clinique et de l’Innovation de l’AP-HP (France) for their support of patient recruitment. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the National Institute for Health Research or the Department of Health and Social Care. REMAP-CAP Investigators Study Group: Farah Al-Beidh, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Derek C. Angus, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States; Yaseen M. Arabi, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Diptesh Aryal, Nepal Mediciti Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal, Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu, Nepal; Djillali Annane, Hospital Raymond Poincaré (Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris), Garches, France, Université Versailles SQY—Université Paris Saclay, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France; Abi Beane, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Lindsay R. Berry, Berry Consultants, Austin, United States; Scott Berry, Berry Consultants, Austin, United States Zahra Bhimani, St. Michael's Hospital Unity Health, Toronto, Canada; Shailesh Bihari, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia; Marc J. M. Bonten, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Charlotte A. Bradbury, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Frank M. Brunkhorst, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Meredith Buxton, Global Coalition for Adaptive Research; Adrian Buzgau, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Marc Carrier, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada, Institut du Savoir Montfort, Ottawa, Canada; Allen C. Cheng, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia; Matthew Cove, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore; Lennie P. G. Derde, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Michelle A. Detry, Berry Consultants, Austin, United States; Lise J. Estcourt, NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford, United Kingdom; Dean A. Fergusson, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Mark Fitzgerald, Berry Consultants, Austin, United States; Robert A. Fowler, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Timothy D. Girard, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States; Ewan C. Goligher, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network, Toronto, Canada, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Herman Goossens, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium, University of Oxford, Bangkok, Thailand; Anthony C. Gordon, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St. Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Cameron Green, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Rashan Haniffa, University of Oxford, Bangkok, Thailand, National Intensive Care Surveillance (NICST), Colombo, Sri Lanka; Alisa M. Higgins, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Thomas Hills, Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (MRINZ), Wellington, New Zealand; David T. Huang, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States; Christopher M. Horvat, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States; Beverley J. Hunt, Kings Healthcare Partners, London, United Kingdom; Nao Ichihara, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Devachandran Jayakumar, Apollo Speciality Hospital - OMR, Chennai, India; Anand Kumar, Institut du Savoir Montfort, Ottawa, Canada; Michael A. Laffan, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Francois Lamontagne, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; Patrick R. Lawler, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at University Health Network, Toronto, Canada, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Helen L. Leavis, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Roger J. Lewis, Berry Consultants, Austin, United States, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States; Kelsey M. Linstrum, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States; Edward Litton, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Elizabeth Lorenzi, Berry Consultants, Austin, United States; Sylvain A. Lother, Institut du Savoir Montfort, Ottawa, Canada; John C. Marshall, St. Michael’s Hospital Unity Health, Toronto, Canada; Colin J. McArthur, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand; Daniel F. McAuley, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland; Anna McGlothlin, Berry Consultants, Austin, United States; Shay P. McGuinness, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand; Saskia Middeldorp, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Srinivas Murthy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada;; Zoe McQuilten, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia; Bryan J. McVerry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States; Paul R. Mouncey, Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre (ICNARC), London, United Kingdom; Matthew D. Neal, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States; Alistair D. Nichol, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Rachael L. Parke, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Jane C. Parker, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Asad Patanwala, University of Sidney; Luis Reyes, Universidad de La Sabana, Chia, Colombia, Clinica Universidad de La Sabana, Chia, Colombia; Kathryn M. Rowan, Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre (ICNARC), London, United Kingdom; Hiroki Saito, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Marlene S. Santos, St. Michael's Hospital Unity Health, Toronto, Canada; Christina T. Saunders, Berry Consultants, Austin, United States; Roger E. G. Schutgens, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Ary Serpa-Neto, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Christopher W. Seymour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States; Manu Shankar-Hari, Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Vanessa Singh, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Simon J. Stanworth, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford, United Kingdom; Timo Tolppa, National Intensive Care Surveillance (NICST), Colombo, Sri Lanka; Alexis F. Turgeon, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Canada; Anne M. Turner, Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (MRINZ), Wellington, New Zealand; Wilma van Bentum-Puijk, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Frank L. van de Veerdonk, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Steve A. Webb, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, St John of God Hospital, Subiaco, Australia, and Ryan Zarychanski, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. Funding Information: We are grateful to the NIHR Clinical Research Network (UK), UPMC Health System Health Services Division (US), the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Canada) and the Direction de la Recherche Clinique et de l’Innovation de l’AP-HP (France) for their support of patient recruitment. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the National Institute for Health Research or the Department of Health and Social Care.