Longitudinal Changes in Cortical Surface Area Associated With Transition to Psychosis in Adolescents at Clinical High Risk for the Disease
Fortea, Adriana; van Eijndhoven, Philip; Ilzarbe, Daniel; Batalla, Albert; Calvet-Mirabent, Angels; de la Serna, Elena; Puig, Olga; Castro-Fornieles, Josefina; Dolz, Montserrat; Tor, Jordina; Parrilla, Sara; Via, Esther; Stephan-Otto, Christian; Baeza, Inmaculada; Sugranyes, Gisela
(2023) Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, volume 62, issue 5, pp. 593 - 600
(Article)
Abstract
Objective: Identifying biomarkers of transition to psychosis in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P) is essential to understanding the mechanisms underlying the disease. Although cross-sectional abnormalities in cortical surface area (CSA) have been demonstrated in individuals at CHR-P who transition to psychosis (CHR-P-T) compared with those who do
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not (CHR-P-NT), how CSA longitudinally develops remains unclear, especially in younger individuals. We set out to compare CSA in adolescents at CHR-P and healthy controls (HC) over 2 points in time. Method: A longitudinal multicenter study was performed in adolescents at CHR-P in comparison to HC and according to transition to psychosis. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired at baseline, at 18-month follow-up, or at the time of transition. Images were pre-processed and hemisphere and regional CSA were computed using FreeSurfer. Between-group analyses were performed with linear mixed-effects models. Results: A total of 313 scans (107 CHR-P and 102 HC) were included in the analysis. At 18 months, the rate of transition to psychosis in CHR-P was 23.4%. Adolescents at CHR-P-T presented greater age-related decrease in CSA in the left parietal and occipital lobes compared with HC, and in the bilateral parietal lobe and right frontal lobe relative to CHR-P-NT. These results were not influenced by antipsychotic treatment, cannabis use, or intelligence quotient (IQ). Conclusion: Adolescents at CHR-P that developed a psychotic disorder presented different developmental trajectories of CSA relative to those who did not. A relatively greater decrease in CSA in the parietal and frontal lobes may index clinical transition to psychosis in adolescents at CHR-P.
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Keywords: clinical high risk for psychosis, cortical surface area, magnetic resonance imaging, neuroimaging, prodromal, Psychiatry and Mental health, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Journal Article
ISSN: 0890-8567
Publisher: Elsevier Limited
Note: Funding Information: This work was funded by an Ajut a la Recerca Pons Bartran (Fundació Clínic Recerca Biomèdica), the Spanish Ministry of Health , Instituto de Salud Carlos III « Health Research Fund » ( PI11 /1349 , PI11/02684 , PI15/0444 , PI15/0509 , PI18/0242 , PI18/00976 , INT19/0002 , PI210030 ) Instituto de Salud Carlos III/International FEDER “Otra manera de hacer Europa,” and Alicia Koplowitz Foundation (2015, 2020). The funding source had no role in the design of this study, execution, analyses, interpretation of the data, or decision to submit results. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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