Lumbar puncture for treating acute hydrocephalus after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage

Abstract

Background: External ventricular drainage (EVD) for acute hydrocephalus after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) carries a risk of complications. We studied the proportion of patients in whom EVD can be avoided by treating acute hydrocephalus with ≥1 lumbar punctures (LP). Methods: From a prospectively collected database, we retrieved data on all aSAH patients admitted between 2007 and 2017 who developed acute hydrocephalus (i.e. neurological deterioration and ventricular enlargement <72 h after aSAH). Our regime is to consider LP as initial treatment. We calculated the proportions of patients (with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI)) who improved after the initial LP and the extent of clinical improvement, the proportions of patients who were treated with only ≥1 LP(s), and those of patients needing continuous external ventricular or external lumbar drainage, or permanent ventriculoperitoneal or lumboperitoneal drainage. Results: Of 1391 consecutive aSAH patients, 473 (34%) had acute hydrocephalus, of whom 388 (82%) were treated. Of the 86 patients with LP as initial treatment, 70 (81% [95% CI 72–88]) showed initial improvement (with increase in median Glasgow Coma Score from 10 (IQR 7–12) to 12 (IQR 9–14) after initial LP), 39 (45% [95% CI 35–56]) improved with LP only, 41 (48% [95% CI 37–58]) needed continuous drainage and six (7% [95% CI 3–14]) needed permanent drainage. Conclusion: Around half the patients treated with LP for deterioration from acute hydrocephalus after aSAH does not require continuous extraventicular or extralumbar drainage.