Long-Term Exposure to Source-Specific Fine Particles and Mortality─A Pooled Analysis of 14 European Cohorts within the ELAPSE Project
Chen, Jie; Hoek, Gerard; de Hoogh, Kees; Rodopoulou, Sophia; Andersen, Zorana J; Bellander, Tom; Brandt, Jørgen; Fecht, Daniela; Forastiere, Francesco; Gulliver, John; Hertel, Ole; Hoffmann, Barbara; Hvidtfeldt, Ulla Arthur; Verschuren, W M Monique; Jöckel, Karl-Heinz; Jørgensen, Jeanette T; Katsouyanni, Klea; Ketzel, Matthias; Méndez, Diego Yacamán; Leander, Karin; Liu, Shuo; Ljungman, Petter; Faure, Elodie; Magnusson, Patrik K E; Nagel, Gabriele; Pershagen, Göran; Peters, Annette; Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole; Rizzuto, Debora; Samoli, Evangelia; van der Schouw, Yvonne T; Schramm, Sara; Severi, Gianluca; Stafoggia, Massimo; Strak, Maciej; Sørensen, Mette; Tjønneland, Anne; Weinmayr, Gudrun; Wolf, Kathrin; Zitt, Emanuel; Brunekreef, Bert; Thurston, George D
(2022) Environmental Science and Technology, volume 56, issue 13, pp. 9277 - 9290
(Article)
Abstract
We assessed mortality risks associated with source-specific fine particles (PM 2.5) in a pooled European cohort of 323,782 participants. Cox proportional hazard models were applied to estimate mortality hazard ratios (HRs) for source-specific PM 2.5 identified through a source apportionment analysis. Exposure to 2010 annual average concentrations of source-specific PM
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2.5 components was assessed at baseline residential addresses. The source apportionment resulted in the identification of five sources: traffic, residual oil combustion, soil, biomass and agriculture, and industry. In single-source analysis, all identified sources were significantly positively associated with increased natural mortality risks. In multisource analysis, associations with all sources attenuated but remained statistically significant with traffic, oil, and biomass and agriculture. The highest association per interquartile increase was observed for the traffic component (HR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.04 and 1.08 per 2.86 μg/m 3 increase) across five identified sources. On a 1 μg/m 3 basis, the residual oil-related PM 2.5 had the strongest association (HR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.05 and 1.22), which was substantially higher than that for generic PM 2.5 mass, suggesting that past estimates using the generic PM 2.5 exposure response function have underestimated the potential clean air health benefits of reducing fossil-fuel combustion. Source-specific associations with cause-specific mortality were in general consistent with findings of natural mortality.
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Keywords: absolute principal component analysis (APCA), fine particulate matter (PM ), mortality, source apportionment, General Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry
ISSN: 0013-936X
Publisher: American Chemical Society
Note: Funding Information: The research described in this article was conducted under contract to the Health Effects Institute (HEI), an organization jointly funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (Assistance Award No. R-82811201) and certain motor vehicle and engine manufacturers. The contents of this article do not necessarily reflect the views of HEI, or its sponsors, nor do they necessarily reflect the views and policies of the EPA or motor vehicle and engine manufacturers. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
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