Nationwide Study to Predict Colonic Ischemia after Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair in The Netherlands
Dutch Society for Vascular Surgery, the Steering Committee of the Dutch Surgical Aneurysm Audit and the Dutch Institute for Clinical Auditing
(2021) Annals of Vascular Surgery, volume 73, pp. 407 - 416
(Article)
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Colonic ischemia remains a severe complication after abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair and is associated with a high mortality. With open repair being one of the main risk factors of colonic ischemia, deciding between endovascular or open aneurysm repair should be based on tailor-made medicine. This study aims to
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identify high-risk patients of colonic ischemia, a risk that can be taken into account while deciding on AAA treatment strategy. METHODS: A nationwide population-based cohort study of 9,433 patients who underwent an AAA operation between 2014 and 2016 was conducted. Potential risk factors were determined by reviewing prior studies and univariate analysis. With logistic regression analysis, independent predictors of intestinal ischemia were established. These variables were used to form a prediction model. RESULTS: Intestinal ischemia occurred in 267 patients (2.8%). Occurrence of intestinal ischemia was seen significantly more in open repair versus endovascular aneurysm repair (7.6% vs. 0.9%; P < 0.001). This difference remained significant after stratification by urgency of the procedure, in both intact open (4.2% vs. 0.4%; P < 0.001) and ruptured open repair (15.0% vs. 6.2%); P < 0.001). Rupture of the AAA was the most important predictor of developing intestinal ischemia (odds ratio [OR], 5.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.4-8.0), followed by having a suprarenal AAA (OR 3.4; CI 1.1-10.6). Associated procedural factors were open repair (OR 2.8; 95% CI 1.9-4.2), blood loss >1L (OR 3.6; 95% CI 1.7-7.5), and prolonged operating time (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.4-2.8). Patient characteristics included having peripheral arterial disease (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.3-4.4), female gender (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.2-2.4), renal insufficiency (OR 1.7; 1.3-2.2), and pulmonary history (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.2-2.2). Age <68 years proved to be a protective factor (OR 0.5; 95% CI 0.4-0.8). Associated mortality was higher in patients with intestinal ischemia versus patients without (50.6% vs. 5.1%, P < 0.001). Each predictor was given a score between 1 and 4. Patients with a score of ≥10 proved to be at high risk. A prediction model with an excellent AUC = 0.873 (95% CI 0.855-0.892) could be formed. CONCLUSIONS: One of the main risk factors is open repair. Several other risk factors can contribute to developing colonic ischemia after AAA repair. The proposed prediction model can be used to identify patients at high risk for developing colonic ischemia. With the current trend in AAA repair leaning toward open repair for better long-term results, our prediction model allows a better informed decision can be made in AAA treatment strategy.
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Keywords: Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/surgery, Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation/adverse effects, Colon/blood supply, Elective Surgical Procedures, Emergencies, Endovascular Procedures/adverse effects, Female, Humans, Male, Mesenteric Ischemia/diagnosis, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Retrospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Surgery, Journal Article, Comparative Study
ISSN: 0890-5096
Publisher: Elsevier Inc.
Note: Funding Information: The authors wish to thank all collaborators of the Dutch Surgical Aneurysm Audit: Van den Akker LH, Van den Akker PJ, Akkersdijk GJ, Akkersdijk GP, Akkersdijk WL, van Andringa de Kempenaer MG, Arts CH, Avontuur JA, Baal JG, Bakker OJ, Balm R, Barendregt WB, Bender MH, Bendermacher BL, van den Berg M, Berger P, Beuk RJ, Blankensteijn JD, Bleker RJ, Bockel JH, Bodegom ME, Bogt KE, Boll AP, Booster MH, Borger van der Burg BL, de Borst GJ, Bos-van Rossum WT, Bosma J, Botman JM, Bouwman LH, Breek JC, Brehm V, Brinckman MJ, van den Broek TH, Brom HL, de Bruijn MT, de Bruin JL, Brummel P, van Brussel JP, Buijk SE, Buimer MG, Burger DH, Buscher HC, den Butter G, Cancrinus E, Castenmiller PH, Cazander G, Coveliers HM, Cuypers PH, Daemen JH, Dawson I, Derom AF, Dijkema AR, Diks J, Dinkelman MK, Dirven M, Dolmans DE, van Doorn RC, van Dortmont LM, van der Eb MM, Eefting D, van Eijck GJ, Elshof JW, Elsman BH, van der Elst A, van Engeland MI, van Eps RG, Faber MJ, de Fijter WM, Fioole B, Fritschy WM, Geelkerken RH, van Gent WB, Glade GJ, Govaert B, Groenendijk RP, de Groot HG, van den Haak RF, de Haan EF, Hajer GF, Hamming JF, van Hattum ES, Hazenberg CE, Hedeman Joosten PP, Helleman JN, van der Hem LG, Hendriks JM, van Herwaarden JA, Heyligers JM, Hinnen JW, Hissink RJ, Ho GH, den Hoed PT, Hoedt MT, van Hoek F, Hoencamp R, Hoffmann WH, Hoksbergen AW, Hollander EJ, Huisman LC, Hulsebos RG, Huntjens KM, Idu MM, Jacobs MJ, van der Jagt MF, Jansbeken JR, Janssen RJ, Jiang HH, de Jong SC, Jongkind V, Kapma MR, Keller BP, Khodadade Jahrome A, Kievit JK, Klemm PL, Klinkert P, Knippenberg B, Koedam NA, Koelemaij MJ, Kolkert JL, Koning GG, Koning OH, Krasznai AG, Krol RM, Kropman RH, Kruse RR, van der Laan L, van der Laan MJ, van Laanen JH, Lardenoye JH, Lawson JA, Legemate DA, Leijdekkers VJ, Lemson MS, Lensvelt MM, Lijkwan MA, Lind RC, van der Linden FT, Liqui Lung PF, Loos MJ, Loubert MC, Mahmoud DE, Manshanden CG, Mattens EC, Meerwaldt R, Mees BM, Metz R, Minnee RC, de Mol van Otterloo JC, Moll FL, Montauban van Swijndregt YC, Morak MJ, van de Mortel RH, Mulder W, Nagesser SK, Naves CC, Nederhoed JH, Nevenzel-Putters AM, de Nie AJ, Nieuwenhuis DH, Nieuwenhuizen J, van Nieuwenhuizen RC, Nio D, Oomen AP, Oranen BI, Oskam J, Palamba HW, Peppelenbosch AG, van Petersen AS, Peterson TF, Petri BJ, Pierie ME, Ploeg AJ, Pol RA, Ponfoort ED, Poyck PP, Prent A, ten Raa S, Raymakers JT, Reichart M, Reichmann BL, Reijnen MM, Rijbroek A, van Rijn MJ, de Roo RA, Rouwet EV, Rupert CG, Saleem BR, van Sambeek MR, Samyn MG, van't Sant HP, van Schaik J, van Schaik PM, Scharn DM, Scheltinga MR, Schepers A, Schlejen PM, Schlosser FJ, Schol FP, Schouten O, Schreinemacher MH, Schreve MA, Schurink GW, Sikkink CJ, Siroen MP, te Slaa A, Smeets HJ, Smeets L, de Smet AA, de Smit P, Smit PC, Smits TM, Snoeijs MG, Sondakh AO, van der Steenhoven TJ, van Sterkenburg SM, Stigter DA, Stigter H, Strating RP, Stultiëns GN, Sybrandy JE, Teijink JA, Telgenkamp BJ, Testroote MJ, The RM, Thijsse WJ, Tielliu IF, van Tongeren RB, Toorop RJ, Tordoir JH, Tournoij E, Truijers M, Türkcan K, Tutein Nolthenius RP, Ünlü Ç, Vafi AA, Vahl AC, Veen EJ, Veger HT, Veldman MG, Verhagen HJ, Verhoeven BA, Vermeulen CF, Vermeulen EG, Vierhout BP, Visser MJ, van der Vliet JA, Vlijmen - van Keulen CJ, Voesten HG, Voorhoeve R, Vos AW, de Vos B, Vos GA, Vriens BH, Vriens PW, de Vries AC, de Vries JP, de Vries M, van der Waal C, Waasdorp EJ, Wallis de Vries BM, van Walraven LA, van Wanroij JL, Warlé MC, van Weel V, van Well AM, Welten GM, Welten RJ, Wever JJ, Wiersema AM, Wikkeling OR, Willaert WI, Wille J, Willems MC, Willigendael EM, Wisselink W, Witte ME, Wittens CH, Wolf-de Jonge IC, Yazar O, Zeebregts CJ, and van Zeeland ML. Publisher Copyright: © 2020 Elsevier Inc.
(Peer reviewed)