Targeting inflammation after myocardial infarction: A therapeutic opportunity for extracellular vesicles?
Viola, Margarida; de Jager, Saskia C.A.; Sluijter, Joost P.G.
(2021) International journal of molecular sciences, volume 22, issue 15, pp. 1 - 17
(Article)
Abstract
After myocardial infarction (MI), a strong inflammatory response takes place in the heart to remove the dead tissue resulting from ischemic injury. A growing body of evidence suggests that timely resolution of this inflammatory process may aid in the prevention of adverse cardiac remodeling and heart failure post-MI. The present
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challenge is to find a way to stimulate this process without interfering with the reparative role of the immune system. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are natural membrane particles that are released by cells and carry different macromolecules, including proteins and non-coding RNAs. In recent years, EVs derived from various stem and progenitor cells have been demonstrated to possess regenerative properties. They can provide cardioprotection via several mechanisms of action, including immunomodulation. In this review, we summarize the role of the innate immune system in post-MI healing. We then discuss the mechanisms by which EVs modulate cardiac inflammation in preclinical models of myocardial injury through regulation of monocyte influx and macrophage function. Finally, we provide suggestions for further optimization of EV-based therapy to improve its potential for the treatment of MI.
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Keywords: Cardiac inflammation, Cardiac progenitor cells derived-EVs, Extracellular vesicles, Immunomodulatory therapy, Macrophage polarization, Mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs, Monocyte influx, Myocardial infarction, Humans, Myocardial Infarction/complications, Cardiotonic Agents/administration & dosage, Extracellular Vesicles/transplantation, Animals, Inflammation/etiology, Stem Cells/cytology, extracellular vesicles, myocardial infarction, macrophage polarization, immunomodulatory therapy, cardiac progenitor cells derived-EVs, cardiac inflammation, monocyte influx, mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs, Molecular Biology, Spectroscopy, Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry, Computer Science Applications, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Review, Journal Article
ISSN: 1661-6596
Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Note: Funding Information: Funding: This work was funded by the European Research Council (ERC) consolidator grant EVICARE (#725229) to J.P.G.S. and by the Dutch Cardiovascular Alliance, an alliance with the support of the Dutch Heart Foundation (IMPRESS, 2020B04) to S.C.A.d.J. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
(Peer reviewed)