A randomized evaluation of the TriGuard™ HDH cerebral embolic protection device to Reduce the Impact of Cerebral Embolic LEsions after TransCatheter Aortic Valve ImplanTation: the REFLECT I trial
Lansky, Alexandra J; Makkar, Rajendra; Nazif, Tamim; Messé, Steven; Forrest, John; Sharma, Rahul; Schofer, Joachim; Linke, Axel; Brown, David; Dhoble, Abhijeet; Horwitz, Phillip; Zang, Ming; DeMarco, Frederico; Rajagopal, Vivek; Dwyer, Michael G; Zivadinov, Robert; Stella, Pieter; Rovin, Joshua; Parise, Helen; Kodali, Susheel; Baumbach, Andreas; Moses, Jeffrey
(2021) European heart journal, volume 42, issue 27, pp. 2670 - 2679
(Article)
Abstract
Aims: The REFLECT I trial investigated the safety and effectiveness of the TriGuard™ HDH (TG) cerebral embolic deflection device in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Methods and results: This prospective, multicentre, single-blind, 2:1 randomized (TG vs. no TG) study aimed to enrol up to 375 patients, including up
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to 90 roll-in patients. The primary combined safety endpoint (VARC-2 defined early safety) at 30 days was compared with a performance goal. The primary efficacy endpoint was a hierarchical composite of (i) all-cause mortality or any stroke at 30 days, (ii) National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) worsening at 2-5 days or Montreal Cognitive Assessment worsening at 30 days, and (iii) total volume of cerebral ischaemic lesions detected by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging at 2-5 days. Cumulative scores were compared between treatment groups using the Finkelstein-Schoenfeld method. A total of 258 of the planned, 375 patients (68.8%) were enrolled (54 roll-in and 204 randomized). The primary safety outcome was met compared with the performance goal (21.8% vs. 35%, P < 0.0001). The primary hierarchical efficacy endpoint was not met (mean efficacy score, higher is better: -5.3 ± 99.8 TG vs. 11.8 ± 96.4 control, P = 0.31). Covert central nervous system injury was numerically lower with TG both in-hospital (46.1% vs. 60.3%, P = 0.0698) and at 5 days (61.7 vs. 76.2%, P = 0.054) compared with controls. Conclusion: REFLECT I demonstrated that TG cerebral protection during TAVR was safe in comparison with historical TAVR data but did not meet the predefined effectiveness endpoint compared with unprotected TAVR controls.
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Keywords: Cerebral ischaemia, Diffusion-weighted imaging, Neuroprotection, Stroke prevention, Transcatheter aortic valve replacement, Journal Article
ISSN: 0195-668X
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Note: Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved.
(Peer reviewed)