A step-by-step procedure for pH model construction in aquatic systems (THESIS VERSION) )

Abstract

We present, by means of a simple example, a comprehensive step-by-step procedure to consistently derive a pH model of aquatic systems. As pH modelling is inherently complex, we make every step of the model generation process explicit, thus ensuring conceptual, mathematical, and chemical correctness. Summed quantities, such as total inorganic carbon and total alkalinity, and the in uences of modeled processes on them are consistently derived. The di erent time scales of processes involved in the pH problem (biological and physical reactions: days; aquatic chemical reactions: fractions of seconds) give rise to a sti equation system. Subsequent reformulations of the system reduce its sti ness, accepting higher non-linear algebraic complexity. The model is reformulated until numerically and computationally simple dynamical solutions, like a variation of the operator splitting approach (OSA) and the direct substitution approach (DSA), are obtained. As several solution methods are pointed out, connections between previous pH modelling approaches are established. The nal reformulation of the system according to the DSA allows for quanti cation of the in uences of kinetic processes on the rate of change of proton concentration in models containing multiple biogeochemical processes. These in uences are calculated including the e ect of reequilibration of the system due to a set of acid-base reactions in local equilibrium. This possibility of quantifying in uences of modeled processes on the pH makes the end-product of the described model generation procedure a powerful tool for understanding the internal pH dynamics of aquatic systems.