Ascl2-Dependent Cell Dedifferentiation Drives Regeneration of Ablated Intestinal Stem Cells
Murata, Kazutaka; Jadhav, Unmesh; Madha, Shariq; van Es, Johan; Dean, Justin; Cavazza, Alessia; Wucherpfennig, Kai; Michor, Franziska; Clevers, Hans; Shivdasani, Ramesh A
(2020) Cell stem cell, volume 26, issue 3, pp. 377 - 390.e6
(Article)
Abstract
Ablation of LGR5 + intestinal stem cells (ISCs) is associated with rapid restoration of the ISC compartment. Different intestinal crypt populations dedifferentiate to provide new ISCs, but the transcriptional and signaling trajectories that guide this process are unclear, and a large body of work suggests that quiescent “reserve” ISCs contribute
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to regeneration. By timing the interval between LGR5 + lineage tracing and lethal injury, we show that ISC regeneration is explained nearly completely by dedifferentiation, with contributions from absorptive and secretory progenitors. The ISC-restricted transcription factor ASCL2 confers measurable competitive advantage to resting ISCs and is essential to restore the ISC compartment. Regenerating cells re-express Ascl2 days before Lgr5, and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analyses reveal transcriptional paths underlying dedifferentiation. ASCL2 target genes include the interleukin-11 (IL-11) receptor Il11ra1, and recombinant IL-11 enhances crypt cell regenerative potential. These findings reveal cell dedifferentiation as the principal means for ISC restoration and highlight an ASCL2-regulated signal that enables this adaptive response. Quiescent reserve “+4 crypt cells” are thought to be a major source for recovery of ablated intestinal stem cells. Shivdasani et al. show instead that recovery occurs almost exclusively by dedifferentiation of recent stem cell progeny, which requires the transcription factor ASCL2 for this restorative potential.
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Keywords: facultative stem cells, reserve stem cells, stem cell dedifferentiation, Genetics, Molecular Medicine, Cell Biology, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ISSN: 1934-5909
Publisher: Cell Press
Note: Funding Information: This work was supported by US National Institutes of Health (NIH) awards R01DK081113 (R.A.S.), U01DK103152 (Stem Cell Consortium of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [NIDDK] and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [NIAID]; content is solely the authors’ responsibility and does not represent official views of the NIH ), and P50CA127003 and gifts from the Lind family. We thank F.J. de Sauvage for Lgr5 Dtr-Gfp mice, S. Robine for Villin-Cre ER(T2) mice, P. Zhu and J.E. Craft for transferring Ascl2 Umc mice, C. Kuo for RSPO1 producer cells, K. Banerjee for help with fetal cell isolation, and J. Pyrdol for help with scRNA libraries. Publisher Copyright: © 2019 Elsevier Inc. Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
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