22q11.2 deletion syndrome is associated with increased mortality in adults with tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect

Abstract

BACKGROUND: 22q11.2 Deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is common in patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) or pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (PA/VSD) and is associated with worse outcomes in children. Whether this impaired prognosis is also translated into adulthood is unknown, as data in adult patients are limited. We aimed to compare long-term outcomes in adults with TOF or PA/VSD both with and without 22q11.2DS. METHODS: This study prospectively followed a nationwide multicenter cohort of TOF or PA/VSD patients with genetically confirmed presence or absence of 22q11.2DS, from inclusion in the Dutch national CONCOR registry for adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) onward. Outcome measures included all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, need for pulmonary valve replacement (PVR), ventricular arrhythmias (VA), pacemaker implantation, and ICD implantation. RESULTS: In total, 479 patients were included (277 (58%) male, median age 28 [IQR; 21-37] years, 62 (13%) with PA/VSD, 34 (7%) with 22q11.2DS). During a median follow-up of 11 [IQR; 6-13] years, 52 (11%) patients died (8 with 22q11.2DS and 44 without 22q11.2DS). Patients with 22q11.2DS had significant decreased survival after 12 years (76% [95% CI; 62-93]) compared to patients without 22q11.2DS (89% [95% CI; 86-92], p = 0.008). 22q11.2DS was associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality and cardiac-mortality, independent of age, sex, and PA/VSD. No association was found between 22q11.2DS and late complications i.e. PVR, VA, pacemaker, or ICD implantation. CONCLUSIONS: Adults with TOF or PA/VSD with 22q11.2DS have a significantly worse survival than adults without this deletion. In patients with TOF or PA/VSD, genetic analysis for the presence of 22q11.2DS is important for risk stratification and genetic counseling.