Education differentially contributes to cognitive reserve across racial/ethnic groups
Avila, Justina F; Rentería, Miguel Arce; Jones, Richard N; Vonk, Jet M J; Turney, Indira; Sol, Ketlyne; Seblova, Dominika; Arias, Franchesca; Hill-Jarrett, Tanisha; Levy, Shellie-Anne; Meyer, Oanh; Racine, Annie M; Tom, Sarah E; Melrose, Rebecca J; Deters, Kacie; Medina, Luis D; Carrión, Carmen I; Díaz-Santos, Mirella; Byrd, DeAnnah R; Chesebro, Anthony; Colon, Juliet; Igwe, Kay C; Maas, Benjamin; Brickman, Adam M; Schupf, Nicole; Mayeux, Richard; Manly, Jennifer J
(2021) Alzheimer's & Dementia, volume 17, issue 1, pp. 70 - 80
(Article)
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: We examined whether educational attainment differentially contributes to cognitive reserve (CR) across race/ethnicity. METHODS: A total of 1553 non-Hispanic Whites (Whites), non-Hispanic Blacks (Blacks), and Hispanics in the Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP) completed structural magnetic resonance imaging. Mixture growth curve modeling was used to examine whether the
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effect of brain integrity indicators (hippocampal volume, cortical thickness, and white matter hyperintensity [WMH] volumes) on memory and language trajectories was modified by education across racial/ethnic groups. RESULTS: Higher educational attainment attenuated the negative impact of WMH burden on memory (β = -0.03; 99% CI: -0.071, -0.002) and language decline (β = -0.024; 99% CI:- 0.044, -0.004), as well as the impact of cortical thinning on level of language performance for Whites, but not for Blacks or Hispanics. DISCUSSION: Educational attainment does not contribute to CR similarly across racial/ethnic groups.
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Keywords: cognitive aging, cognitive reserve, education, racial/ethnic differences, Clinical Neurology, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Psychiatry and Mental health, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Health Policy, Developmental Neuroscience, Epidemiology, Journal Article
ISSN: 1552-5260
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Note: Funding Information: Data collection and sharing for this project was supported by the Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP, PO1AG07232, R01AG037212, RF1AG054023) funded by the National Institute on Aging (NIA). This article has been reviewed by WHICAP investigators for scientific content and consistency of data interpretation with previous WHICAP Study publications. We acknowledge the WHICAP study participants and the WHICAP research and support staff for their contributions to this study. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Jennifer Manly had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Funding Information: Data collection and sharing for this project was supported by the Washington Heights‐Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP, PO1AG07232, R01AG037212, RF1AG054023) funded by the National Institute on Aging (NIA). This article has been reviewed by WHICAP investigators for scientific content and consistency of data interpretation with previous WHICAP Study publications. We acknowledge the WHICAP study participants and the WHICAP research and support staff for their contributions to this study. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Jennifer Manly had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Publisher Copyright: © 2020 the Alzheimer's Association
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