Immunology of COVID-19: mechanisms, clinical outcome, diagnostics and perspectives - a report of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)

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Immunology of COVID-19: mechanisms, clinical outcome, diagnostics and perspectives - a report of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)
 
Sokolowska, M; Lukasik, Z; Agache, I; Akdis, C A; Akdis, D; Akdis, M; Barcik, W; Brough, H; Eiwegger, T; Eliaszewicz, A; Eyerich, S; Feleszko, W; Gomez Casado, C; Hoffmann-Sommergruber, K; Janda, J; Jiménez-Saiz, R; Jutel, M; Knol, E; Kortekaas Krohn, I; Kothari, A; Makowska, J; Moniuszko, M; Morita, H; O'Mahony, L; Nadeau, K; Ozdemir, C; Pali-Schöll, I; Palomares, O; Papaleo, F; Prunicki, M; Schmidt-Weber, C B; Sediva, A; Schwarze, J; Shamji, M H; Tramper-Stranders, G; van, W; de Veen, R.; Untersmayr, E
(2020) Allergy, volume 75, issue 10, pp. 2445 - 2476
(Article)
Abstract
With the worldwide spread of the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) resulting in declaration of a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020, the SARS-CoV-2-induced Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has become one of the main challenges of our times. The high infection rate and the ... read more
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Keywords: COVID-19 comorbidity, COVID-19 immunity, COVID-19 multimorbidity, COVID-19 prevention, COVID-19 treatment, SARS, SARS-CoV-2 receptors, Academies and Institutes, Pandemics, COVID-19 Testing, Humans, Betacoronavirus/immunology, Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods, Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis, CoV&#8208, 19 prevention, 19 treatment, SARS&#8208, 2 receptors, 19 comorbidity, 19 multimorbidity, 19 immunity, COVID&#8208, Immunology and Allergy, Immunology, Journal Article, Review
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/all.14462
ISSN: 0105-4538
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
Note: Funding Information: We thank Urszula Radzikowska from the Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) for her contribution in preparing Figure 2. The authors would like to thank the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) for the financial support to the sections, interest groups and working groups enabling the development of this paper. The research of SM is supported by a SNSF grant 310039_189334; JSR is funded by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (IJCI‐2016‐27619); KKI is supported by the FWO Post doc mandate 12W2219N; BW and PF were supported by funding from the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Fondazione Telethon (project GGP19103), and Ricerca Finalizzata Giovani Ricercatori 2016 ‐ Ministero Salute Italia (project GR‐2016‐02362413); GCC is supported by a postdoctoral contract cofounded by the competitive Program “Attracting Talent,” Community of Madrid, Spain; the research of SWCB was funded by DFG (398577603), “ADAPT” EIT Health is a body of the EU receiving support from H2020 and BMBF “ESCAPE” 01KI20169A; the research of UE is supported by the H2020 grant 768641 and by the BMF grant 19056. Funding Information: We thank Urszula Radzikowska from the Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) for her contribution in preparing Figure 2. The authors would like to thank the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) for the financial support to the sections, interest groups and working groups enabling the development of this paper. The research of SM is supported by a SNSF grant 310039_189334; JSR is funded by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (IJCI-2016-27619); KKI is supported by the FWO Post doc mandate 12W2219N; BW and PF were supported by funding from the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Fondazione Telethon (project GGP19103), and Ricerca Finalizzata Giovani Ricercatori 2016 - Ministero Salute Italia (project GR-2016-02362413); GCC is supported by a postdoctoral contract cofounded by the competitive Program “Attracting Talent,” Community of Madrid, Spain; the research of SWCB was funded by DFG (398577603), “ADAPT” EIT Health is a body of the EU receiving support from H2020 and BMBF “ESCAPE” 01KI20169A; the research of UE is supported by the H2020 grant 768641 and by the BMF grant 19056. Dr Agache reports being Associate Editor Allergy journal. Dr Akdis reports grants from Allergopharma, Idorsia, Swiss National Science Foundation, Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, European Commission's Horison's 2020 Framework Programme, Cure, Novartis Research Institutes, Astra Zeneca, Scibase, Glakso Smith-Kline and other from Sanofi & Regeneron. Dr Eiwegger reports other from DBV, grants from Innovation fund Denmark, CIHR, other from Regeneron. He is the Co-I or scientific lead in three investigator initiated oral immunotherapy trials including the usage of biologicals supported by the Allergy and Anaphylaxis Program Sickkids and CIHR. He serves as associate editor for Allergy. He is on the advisory board for ALK. Dr Jutel reports personal fees from ALK-Abello, personal fees from Allergopharma, personal fees from Stallergenes, personal fees from Anergis, personal fees from Allergy Therapeutics, personal fees from Circassia, personal fees from Leti, personal fees from Biomay, personal fees from HAL, during the conduct of the study; personal fees from Astra-Zeneka, personal fees from GSK, personal fees from Novartis, personal fees from Teva, personal fees from Vectura, personal fees from UCB, personal fees from Takeda, personal fees from Roche, personal fees from Janssen, personal fees from Medimmune, personal fees from Chiesi, outside the submitted work; Dr Nadeau reports grants and other from NIAID, other from Novartis, personal fees and other from Regeneron, grants and other from FARE, grants from EAT, other from Sanofi, other from Astellas, other from Nestle, other from BeforeBrands, other from Alladapt, other from ForTra, other from Genentech, other from AImmune Therapeutics, other from DBV Technologies, personal fees from Astrazeneca, personal fees from ImmuneWorks, personal fees from Cour Pharmaceuticals, grants from Allergenis, grants from Ukko Pharma, other from AnaptysBio, other from Adare Pharmaceuticals, other from Stallergenes-Greer, other from NHLBI, other from NIEHS, other from EPA, other from WAO Center of Excellence, other from Iggenix, other from Probio, other from Vedanta, other from Centecor, other from Seed, from Immune Tolerance Network, from NIH, outside the submitted work; In addition, Dr Nadeau has a patent Inhibition of Allergic Reaction to Peanut Allergen using an IL-33 Inhibitor pending, a patent Special Oral Formula for Decreasing Food Allergy Risk and Treatment for Food Allergy pending, a patent Basophil Activation Based Diagnostic Allergy Test pending, a patent Granulocyte-based methods for detecting and monitoring immune system disorders pending, a patent Methods and Assays for Detecting and Quantifying Pure Subpopulations of White Blood Cells in Immune System Disorders pending, a patent Mixed Allergen Compositions and Methods for Using the Same pending, and a patent Microfluidic Device and Diagnostic Methods for Allergy Testing Based on Detection of Basophil Activation pending. Dr O'Mahony reports personal fees from AHL, grants from GSK, outside the submitted work; Dr Palomares reports research grants from Inmunotek SL, Novartis and MINECO (SAF2017-84978-R), has received fees for giving scientific lectures from: Allergy Therapeutics, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Diater, GlaxoSmithKline, S.A, Inmunotek S.L, Novartis, Sanofi-Genzyme and Stallergenes and has participated in advisory boards from Novartis and Sanofi-Genezyme. Prof. Schmidt-Weber reports grants from EIT Health, body of the EU; grants from German Ministery of Education and Research (BMBF); grants from DFG, during the conduct of the study; In addition, Dr Schmidt-Weber has a patent on drug repurposing pending Dr Schwarze reports personal fees from MYLAN, personal fees from F2F events, outside the submitted work; Industry support to educational activities of the Scottish Allergy and Respiratory Academy and of the Children's and Young people's Allergy Networtk Scotland. Industry support to EAACI, Dr Schwarze is EAACI Secretary General 2019-2021. Dr Sokolowska reports grants from Swiss National Science Foundation, grants from GSK, outside the submitted work; all other authors have nothing to disclose. Funding Information: Dr Agache reports being Associate Editor Allergy journal. Dr Akdis reports grants from Allergopharma, Idorsia, Swiss National Science Foundation, Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education, European Commission's Horison's 2020 Framework Programme, Cure, Novartis Research Institutes, Astra Zeneca, Scibase, Glakso Smith‐Kline and other from Sanofi & Regeneron. Dr Eiwegger reports other from DBV , grants from Innovation fund Denmark, CIHR, other from Regeneron. He is the Co‐I or scientific lead in three investigator initiated oral immunotherapy trials including the usage of biologicals supported by the Allergy and Anaphylaxis Program Sickkids and CIHR. He serves as associate editor for Allergy. He is on the advisory board for ALK. Dr Jutel reports personal fees from ALK‐Abello, personal fees from Allergopharma , personal fees from Stallergenes, personal fees from Anergis, personal fees from Allergy Therapeutics, personal fees from Circassia, personal fees from Leti, personal fees from Biomay, personal fees from HAL, during the conduct of the study; personal fees from Astra‐Zeneka, personal fees from GSK, personal fees from Novartis, personal fees from Teva, personal fees from Vectura, personal fees from UCB, personal fees from Takeda, personal fees from Roche, personal fees from Janssen, personal fees from Medimmune, personal fees from Chiesi, outside the submitted work; Dr Nadeau reports grants and other from NIAID, other from Novartis, personal fees and other from Regeneron, grants and other from FARE, grants from EAT, other from Sanofi, other from Astellas, other from Nestle, other from BeforeBrands, other from Alladapt, other from ForTra, other from Genentech, other from AImmune Therapeutics, other from DBV Technologies, personal fees from Astrazeneca, personal fees from ImmuneWorks, personal fees from Cour Pharmaceuticals, grants from Allergenis , grants from Ukko Pharma, other from AnaptysBio, other from Adare Pharmaceuticals, other from Stallergenes‐Greer, other from NHLBI, other from NIEHS, other from EPA, other from WAO Center of Excellence, other from Iggenix, other from Probio, other from Vedanta, other from Centecor, other from Seed, from Immune Tolerance Network, from NIH, outside the submitted work; In addition, Dr Nadeau has a patent Inhibition of Allergic Reaction to Peanut Allergen using an IL‐33 Inhibitor pending, a patent Special Oral Formula for Decreasing Food Allergy Risk and Treatment for Food Allergy pending, a patent Basophil Activation Based Diagnostic Allergy Test pending, a patent Granulocyte‐based methods for detecting and monitoring immune system disorders pending, a patent Methods and Assays for Detecting and Quantifying Pure Subpopulations of White Blood Cells in Immune System Disorders pending, a patent Mixed Allergen Compositions and Methods for Using the Same pending, and a patent Microfluidic Device and Diagnostic Methods for Allergy Testing Based on Detection of Basophil Activation pending. Dr O'Mahony reports personal fees from AHL, grants from GSK, outside the submitted work; Dr Palomares reports research grants from Inmunotek SL, Novartis and MINECO (SAF2017‐84978‐R), has received fees for giving scientific lectures from: Allergy Therapeutics, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Diater, GlaxoSmithKline, S.A, Inmunotek S.L, Novartis, Sanofi‐Genzyme and Stallergenes and has participated in advisory boards from Novartis and Sanofi‐Genezyme. Prof. Schmidt‐Weber reports grants from EIT Health, body of the EU; grants from German Ministery of Education and Research (BMBF); grants from DFG, during the conduct of the study; In addition, Dr Schmidt‐Weber has a patent on drug repurposing pending Dr Schwarze reports personal fees from MYLAN, personal fees from F2F events, outside the submitted work; Industry support to educational activities of the Scottish Allergy and Respiratory Academy and of the Children's and Young people's Allergy Networtk Scotland. Industry support to EAACI, Dr Schwarze is EAACI Secretary General 2019‐2021. Dr Sokolowska reports grants from Swiss National Science Foundation, grants from GSK, outside the submitted work; all other authors have nothing to disclose. Publisher Copyright: © 2020 EAACI and John Wiley and Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
(Peer reviewed)