Trained Immunity: a Tool for Reducing Susceptibility to and the Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Netea, Mihai G; Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Evangelos J; Domínguez-Andrés, Jorge; Curtis, Nigel; van Crevel, Reinout; van de Veerdonk, Frank L; Bonten, Marc
(2020) Cell, volume 181, issue 5, pp. 969 - 977
(Article)
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection is mild in the majority of individuals but progresses into severe pneumonia in a small proportion of patients. The increased susceptibility to severe disease in the elderly and individuals with co-morbidities argues for an initial defect in anti-viral host defense mechanisms. Long-term boosting of innate immune responses, also
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termed "trained immunity," by certain live vaccines (BCG, oral polio vaccine, measles) induces heterologous protection against infections through epigenetic, transcriptional, and functional reprogramming of innate immune cells. We propose that induction of trained immunity by whole-microorganism vaccines may represent an important tool for reducing susceptibility to and severity of SARS-CoV-2.
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Keywords: Animals, BCG Vaccine/immunology, Betacoronavirus/physiology, Clinical Trials as Topic, Coronavirus Infections/immunology, Humans, Immunity, Innate/drug effects, Immunomodulation, Lung/immunology, Lymphopenia/pathology, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/physiology, Pandemics, Pneumonia, Viral/immunology, SARS Virus/physiology, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/immunology, Virus Replication, General Biochemistry,Genetics and Molecular Biology, Review, Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ISSN: 0092-8674
Publisher: Cell Press
Note: Funding Information: M.G.N. was supported by an ERC advanced grant ( 833247 ) and a Spinoza grant of the Netherlands Association for Scientific Research . R.v.C. is supported by the National Institutes of Health ( R01AI145781 ) and European Union ( RIA2018CO-2514-PROTID ). Publisher Copyright: © 2020 Elsevier Inc. Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
(Peer reviewed)