Phenylglyoxaldehyde-Functionalized Polymeric Sorbents for Urea Removal from Aqueous Solutions
Jong, Jacobus A W; Guo, Yong; Veenhoven, Cas; Moret, Marc-Etienne; van der Zwan, Johan; Lucini Paioni, Alessandra; Baldus, Marc; Scheiner, Karina C; Dalebout, Remco; van Steenbergen, Mies J; Verhaar, Marianne C; Smakman, Robert; Hennink, Wim E; Gerritsen, Karin G F; van Nostrum, Cornelus F
(2020) ACS Applied Polymer Materials, volume 2, issue 2, pp. 515 - 527
(Article)
Abstract
For realization of a wearable artificial kidney based on regeneration of a small volume of dialysate, efficient urea removal from dialysate is a major challenge. Here a potentially suitable polymeric sorbent based on phenylglyoxaldehyde (PGA), able to covalently bind urea under physiological conditions, is described. Sorbent beads containing PGA groups
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were obtained by suspension polymerization of either styrene or vinylphenylethan-1-one (VPE), followed by modification of the aromatic groups of poly(styrene) and poly(VPE) into PGA. It was found that PGA-functionalized sorbent beads had maximum urea binding capacities of 1.4-2.2 mmol/g and removed ∼0.6 mmol urea/g in 8 h at 37 °C under static conditions from urea-enriched phosphate-buffered saline, conditions representative of dialysate regeneration. This means that the daily urea production of a dialysis patient can be removed with a few hundred grams of this sorbent which, is an important step forward in the development of a wearable artificial kidney.
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Keywords: chemisorption, dialysis, kinetics, phenylglyoxaldehyde, sorbent, urea, Polymers and Plastics, Process Chemistry and Technology, Organic Chemistry
ISSN: 2637-6105
Publisher: American Chemical Society
Note: Funding Information: The authors would like to thank Carl C. L. Schuurmans for his help with determining the size of the sorbent particles and Lies A. L. Fliervoet for making and and Shell Amsterdam for the gift of ShellSolTD. This research was supported by the Dutch Organization for Scientific Research (NWO-TTW, Project 14433) and the Dutch Kidney Foundation. The NMR experiments were supported by a TOP-PUNT grant to M.B. (NWO Grant Number 718.015.001). R.D. acknowledges the European Research Council (ERC) for funding (ERC-2014-CoG 648991). M.E.M. acknowledges the Sectorplan Natuur- en Scheikunde (Tenure-track grant at Utrecht University) for financial support. Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society.
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