Underestimation of pelvic organ prolapse in the supine straining position, based on magnetic resonance imaging findings

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is clinically diagnosed in the supine position, where the effect of gravity is simulated by having the patients put strain on their pelvic floor. The objective of this study was to determine the degree of POP underestimation in the supine position based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. METHODS: This prospective study was conducted with symptomatic POP grade ≥ 2 patients. Fifteen female patients were examined with an MRI system that allows supine and upright imaging. The differences between supine and upright in distances of the bladder neck, cervix, and pouch of Douglas from the pubococcygeal line (PCL) were estimated, together with changes in the genital hiatal area. Patients were scanned at rest and during straining. All distances were compared using the Wilcoxon ranking test. RESULTS: All mean distances from the PCL increased from the supine-strain to the upright-rest and from the supine-strain to the upright-strain position. These distances were found in the supine and upright positions: the bladder descended 1.3 cm to 1.4 cm, the cervix 1.1 cm to 2.2 cm, and the pouch of Douglas 0.8 cm to 1.5 cm respectively (all p values <0.05). The hiatal area was larger in the upright-strain position (mean 42.0 cm 2; SD ±14.8) than during the supine-strain position (mean 33.5 cm 2; SD ±14.5), with a p value of 0.02. CONCLUSION: Upright MRI scanning of patients with POP grade ≥ 2 both at rest and during straining shows a significantly larger extent of the prolapse than that observed during supine straining.