Urodynamics Techniques and Clinical Applications

Abstract

Urodynamic investigations are indicated when empiric or conservative treatment fails to improve a patient’s lower urinary tract symptoms and invasive treatment is considered. Based on the expected underlying lower urinary tract dysfunction, the clinician designs a urodynamic evaluation from the range of available tests, with the aim to reproduce the patient’s symptoms and to identify the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Other functions of the lower urinary tract are also analysed, as they may be relevant for planning and discussing further treatment options. In this book chapter, we describe the available urodynamic tests, the normal findings, and the evidence for the role of urodynamics in different lower urinary tract disorders.