A deep learning approach for computations of exposure profiles for high-dimensional Bermudan options

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a neural network-based method for approximating expected exposures and potential future exposures of Bermudan options. In a first phase, the method relies on the Deep Optimal Stopping algorithm (DOS) proposed by Becker, Cheridito, and Jentzen (2019), which learns the optimal stopping rule from Monte-Carlo samples of the underlying risk factors. Cashflow paths are then created by applying the learned stopping strategy on a new set of realizations of the risk factors. Furthermore, in a second phase the cashflow paths are projected onto the risk factors to obtain approximations of pathwise option values. The regression step is carried out by ordinary least squares as well as neural networks, and it is shown that the latter results in more accurate approximations. The expected exposure is formulated, both in terms of the cashflow paths and in terms of the pathwise option values and it is shown that a simple Monte-Carlo average yields accurate approximations in both cases. The potential future exposure is estimated by the empirical α-percentile. Finally, it is shown that the expected exposures, as well as the potential future exposures can be computed under either, the risk neutral measure, or the real world measure, without having to re-train the neural networks.