Revolutionizing Groundwater Management with Hybrid AI Models: A Practical Review

Abstract

Developing precise soft computing methods for groundwater management, which includes quality and quantity, is crucial for improving water resources planning and management. In the past 20 years, significant progress has been made in groundwater management using hybrid machine learning (ML) models as artificial intelligence (AI). Although various review articles have reported advances in this field, existing literature must cover groundwater management using hybrid ML. This review article aims to understand the current state-of-the-art hybrid ML models used for groundwater management and the achievements made in this domain. It includes the most cited hybrid ML models employed for groundwater management from 2009 to 2022. It summarises the reviewed papers, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses, the performance criteria employed, and the most highly cited models identified. It is worth noting that the accuracy was significantly enhanced, resulting in a substantial improvement and demonstrating a robust outcome. Additionally, this article outlines recommendations for future research directions to enhance the accuracy of groundwater management, including prediction models and enhance related knowledge.