Nanosensors Based on a Single ZnO:Eu Nanowire for Hydrogen Gas Sensing
Lupan, Cristian; Mishra, Abhishek Kumar; Wolff, Niklas; Drewes, Jonas; Krüger, Helge; Vahl, Alexander; Lupan, Oleg; Pauporté, Thierry; Viana, Bruno; Kienle, Lorenz; Adelung, Rainer; De Leeuw, Nora H.; Hansen, Sandra
(2022) ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, volume 14, issue 36, pp. 41196 - 41207
(Article)
Abstract
Fast detection of hydrogen gas leakage or its release in different environments, especially in large electric vehicle batteries, is a major challenge for sensing applications. In this study, the morphological, structural, chemical, optical, and electronic characterizations of ZnO:Eu nanowire arrays are reported and discussed in detail. In particular, the influence
... read more
of different Eu concentrations during electrochemical deposition was investigated together with the sensing properties and mechanism. Surprisingly, by using only 10 μM Eu ions during deposition, the value of the gas response increased by a factor of nearly 130 compared to an undoped ZnO nanowire and we found an H2gas response of ∼7860 for a single ZnO:Eu nanowire device. Further, the synthesized nanowire sensors were tested with ultraviolet (UV) light and a range of test gases, showing a UV responsiveness of ∼12.8 and a good selectivity to 100 ppm H2gas. A dual-mode nanosensor is shown to detect UV/H2gas simultaneously for selective detection of H2during UV irradiation and its effect on the sensing mechanism. The nanowire sensing approach here demonstrates the feasibility of using such small devices to detect hydrogen leaks in harsh, small-scale environments, for example, stacked battery packs in mobile applications. In addition, the results obtained are supported through density functional theory-based simulations, which highlight the importance of rare earth nanoparticles on the oxide surface for improved sensitivity and selectivity of gas sensors, even at room temperature, thereby allowing, for instance, lower power consumption and denser deployment.
show less
Download/Full Text
Keywords: electrochemical deposition, EuO, hydrogen, sensor, ZnO, General Materials Science
ISSN: 1944-8244
Publisher: American Chemical Society
Note: Funding Information: C.L. gratefully acknowledges Kiel University, Functional Nanomaterials, Germany, and PSL Université, Chimie-ParisTech IRCP, Paris, France, for internship positions in 2018–2019 and TUM, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova, for constant support. C.L. would like to express special appreciation and thanks to Professor Trofim Viorel (TUM) as the MSc thesis supervisor, for the encouragement, fruitful discussions on this work, patient guidance, and advice he has provided throughout the time. Funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation), Project-ID 434434223─SFB 1461 and SFB 1261. This work was partially supported by the Technical University of Moldova and through the ANCD-NARD grant no. 20.80009.5007.09 at TUM. This investigation was partially supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG - Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) under the schemes FOR 2093 and AD 183/18-1. We acknowledge funding within the project “SuSiBaBy” - SulfurSilicon Batteries by the EUSH and EFRE in SH (LPW-E/3.1.1/1801). We are especially grateful to the Federal Ministry of Education and Research by funding the former “PorSSi” project (03XP0126 A & B). Katrin Brandenburg is acknowledged for her help in the final proofreading of the manuscript. This work used the ARCHER2 UK National Supercomputing Service ( https://www.archer2.ac.uk ). A.K.M. acknowledges SEED grant (2021) from UPES, Dehradun. Funding Information: Project “SuSiBaBy” - SulfurSilicon Batteries by the EUSH and EFRE in SH (LPW-E/3.1.1/1801). Federal Ministry of Education and Research by funding the former “PorSSi” project (03XP0126 A & B). German Research Foundation (DFG- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) under the schemes SFB1261, SFB 1461, and AD 183/16-1. Funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – Project-ID 434434223 – SFB 1461. The ANCD-NARD grant no. 20.80009.5007.09 at the Technical University of Moldova. DFG - Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under the schemes FOR 2093 and AD 183/18-1. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
(Peer reviewed)