Grazing and light modify Silene latifolia responses to nutrients and future climate
Jessen, Maria-theresa; Auge, Harald; Harpole, W. Stan; Hautier, Yann; Eskelinen, Anu
(2022) PLoS One, volume 17, issue 11, pp. 1 - 16
(Article)
Abstract
Altered climate, nutrient enrichment and changes in grazing patterns are important environmental and biotic changes in temperate grassland systems. Singly and in concert these factors can influence plant performance and traits, with consequences for species competitive ability, and thus for species coexistence, community composition and diversity. However, we lack experimental
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tests of the mechanisms, such as competition for light, driving plant performance and traits under nutrient enrichment, grazer exclusion and future climate. We used transplants of Silene latifolia, a widespread grassland forb in Europe, to study plant responses to interactions among climate, nutrients, grazing and light. We recorded transplant biomass, height, specific leaf area (SLA) and foliar carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N) in full-factorial combinations of future climate treatment, fertilization, grazer exclusion and light addition via LED-lamps. Future climate and fertilization together increased transplant height but only in unlighted plots. Light addition increased SLA in ambient climate, and decreased C:N in unfertilized plots. Further, transplants had higher biomass in future climatic conditions when protected from grazers. In general, grazing had a strong negative effect on all measured variables regardless of added nutrients and light. Our results show that competition for light may lead to taller individuals and interacts with climate and nutrients to affect traits related to resource-use. Furthermore, our study suggests grazing may counteract the benefits of future climate on the biomass of species such as Silene latifolia. Consequently, grazers and light may be important modulators of individual plant performance and traits under nutrient enrichment and future climatic conditions.
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Keywords: Biomass, Ecosystem, Grassland, Humans, Nitrogen, Nutrients, Plants, Silene, Plant community responses, Herbivory, Traits, Extreme drought, Alpine grassland, Model, European climate, Nitrogen deposition, Performance, Species richness, General
ISSN: 1932-6203
Publisher: Public Library of Science
Note: Funding Information: This work was supported by the Flexpool program of the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) - Halle, Jena, Leipzig [grant no. 34600565-11] and by a research grant from the Finnish Academy to A.E. [project 29719]. There was no additional external funding received for this study. https://www.idiv.de/en/research/ flexpool.html https://www.aka.fi/en/ The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 Jessen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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