Alcohol Consumption on the Heaviest Drinking Occasion and Hangovers during the First Dutch COVID-19 Lockdown
Merlo, Agnese; Severeijns, Noortje R.; Hendriksen, Pauline A.; Benson, Sarah; Scholey, Andrew; Garssen, Johan; Bruce, Gillian; Verster, Joris C.
(2022) International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, volume 19, issue 7, pp. 1 - 12
(Article)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare alcohol consumption between the heaviest drinking occasion in the period before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown (15 January–14 March 2020) and the first COVID-19 lockdown period (15 March–11 May 2020) in the Netherlands, including the presence and severity of associated hangovers.
... read more
The analysis included a sub-sample from the “Corona Lockdown: how fit are you?” (CLOFIT) study, comprising N = 761 participants who reported consuming alcohol in 2020. Overall, on the heaviest drinking occasion during the first COVID-19 lockdown period a significant reduction in number of alcoholic drinks consumed on the heaviest drinking occasion, drinking duration, and estimated BAC was observed. A significant reduction was also observed for subjective intoxication and next-day hangover severity. During the lockdown period, a significant reduction in the frequency of alcohol hangovers was reported. Several age and sex differences were observed. Specifically, men consumed significantly more alcohol than women and experienced hangovers significantly more frequently, both before and during the lockdown. With regard to age, young adults (18–35 years old) significantly reduced their alcohol intake on the heaviest drinking occasion during the lockdown and also reported lower ratings of subjective intoxication and hangover severity. No significant changes were seen for individuals above 35 years old. In conclusion, the first COVID-19 lockdown in the Netherlands was associated with reduced alcohol intake on the heaviest drinking occasion and a reduction in the severity of hangovers, particularly among young male adults.
show less
Download/Full Text
Keywords: age, alcohol, COVID-19, hangover, heaviest drinking occasion, lockdown, sex, subjective intoxication, Pollution, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
ISSN: 1661-7827
Publisher: MDPI AG
Note: Funding Information: Conflicts of Interest: Over the past three years, J.C.V. has acted as a consultant/advisor for KNMP, Mentis, More Labs, Red Bull, Sen-Jam Pharmaceutical, and Toast! J.G. is a part-time employee of Nutricia Research and received research grants from the Nutricia research foundation, Top Institute Pharma, Top Institute Food and Nutrition, GSK, STW, NWO, Friesland Campina, CCC, Raak-Pro, and EU. S.B. has received funding from Red Bull GmbH, Kemin Foods, Sanofi Aventis, Phoenix Pharmaceutical, and GlaxoSmithKline. Over the past 36 months, A.S. has held research grants from Abbott Nutrition, Arla Foods, Bayer, BioRevive, DuPont, Kemin Foods, Nestlé, Nutricia-Danone, and Verdure Sciences. He has acted as a consultant/expert advisor to Bayer, Danone, Naturex, Nestlé, Pfizer, Sanofi, and Sen-Jam Pharmaceutical and has received travel/hospitality/speaker fees from Bayer, Sanofi, and Verdure Sciences. The other authors have no potential conflict of interest to disclose. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
(Peer reviewed)