Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance of Pigs and Chickens in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, 2018–2021
Inthavong, Phouth; Chanthavong, Somphaivanh; Nammanininh, Phounsavanh; Phommachanh, Phouvong; Theppangna, Watthana; Agunos, Agnes; Wagenaar, Jaap A.; Douangngeun, Bounlom; Loth, Leo
(2022) Antibiotics, volume 11, issue 2, pp. 1 - 19
(Article)
Abstract
The use of antimicrobials in the livestock sector has been identified as a driver for the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and AMR has become a growing public health and economic threat in the Lao PDR. We conducted surveillance for AMR in five provinces of the Lao PDR, in order
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to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from caecal samples from slaughtered pigs at slaughterhouses and from slaughtered chickens at markets during two different time periods: 2018/2019 and 2020/2021. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using a panel of 14 antimicrobials using the broth microdilution technique. E. coli and Salmonella from chickens (62% and 33%, respectively) and pigs (88% and 81%, respectively) exhibited resistance to ≥3 classes of antimicrobials. Of important public health concern was the detection of Salmonella resistant to cefotaxime/ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, and colistin, deemed as critically important antimicrobials in human medicine. This study aimed to evaluate a national sampling strategy at slaughterhouses and wet markets, and to pilot the laboratory methodologies for bacterial recovery and AMR testing. Experiences from this study will inform capacity development for a national AMR surveillance program, and these early data could serve as reference points for monitoring the impact of the Lao PDR’s national action plan to contain AMR.
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Keywords: Antimicrobial resistance, Broilers, Escherichia coli, Layers, Livestock, Multiclass resistance, Native chickens, Pigs, Salmonella, Surveillance, Microbiology, Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics(all), Microbiology (medical), Infectious Diseases, Pharmacology (medical)
ISSN: 2079-6382
Publisher: MDPI AG
Note: Funding Information: In 2019, the National Strategic Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance (NSP-AMR) in the Lao PDR, 2019–2023, was developed by the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, with technical and financial support from the [14] World Health Organization (WHO), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) [15]. The NSP-AMR aligns with the Global Action Plan [16], the FAO Action Plan on AMR 2021–2025 [17] and its predecessor [18], and the OIE AMR strategy [19]. This strategic plan on AMR describes the vision to reduce AMR-related human and animal morbidity, mortality, and economic impact. The strategic plan encourages a multisector One Health approach to tackling AMR, involving local and national stakeholders, and demonstrates the commitment of the Lao PDR in the global fight against AMR. Funding Information: Funding: This work was conducted with financial support from the Fleming Fund Country Grant, grant number FF13-154, through the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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