Downy Mildew effector HaRxL21 interacts with the transcriptional repressor TOPLESS to promote pathogen susceptibility
Harvey, Sarah; Kumari, Priyanka; Lapin, Dmitry; Griebel, Thomas; Hickman, Richard; Guo, Wenbin; Zhang, Runxuan; Parker, Jane E.; Beynon, Jim; Denby, Katherine; Steinbrenner, Jens
(2020) PLoS Pathogens, volume 16, issue 8, pp. 1 - 30
(Article)
Abstract
Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa) is an oomycete pathogen causing Arabidopsis downy mildew. Effector proteins secreted from the pathogen into the plant play key roles in promoting infection by suppressing plant immunity and manipulating the host to the pathogen’s advantage. One class of oomycete effectors share a conserved ‘RxLR’ motif critical for
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their translocation into the host cell. Here we characterize the interaction between an RxLR effector, HaRxL21 (RxL21), and the Arabidopsis transcriptional co-repressor Topless (TPL). We establish that RxL21 and TPL interact via an EAR motif at the C-terminus of the effector, mimicking the host plant mechanism for recruiting TPL to sites of transcriptional repression. We show that this motif, and hence interaction with TPL, is necessary for the virulence function of the effector. Furthermore, we provide evidence that RxL21 uses the interaction with TPL, and its close relative TPL-related 1, to repress plant immunity and enhance host susceptibility to both biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens.
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Keywords: Parasitology, Microbiology, Immunology, Molecular Biology, Genetics, Virology
ISSN: 1553-7366
Publisher: Public Library of Science
Note: Funding Information: The following funding supported this work: Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council grants BB/K018612/1 and BB/ K018612/2 (KD, JB) https://bbsrc.ukri.org/; University of York (KD, SH) https://www.york.ac. uk/; Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst Scholarship (PK) https://www.daad.de/en/; Max-Planck Society (TG, DL, JEP) https://www.mpg.de/ en; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG; German Research Foundation) under Germany?s Excellence Strategy CEPLAS (EXC-2048/1, Project 390686111; JEP, DL), CRC 1403?414786233 (JEP, DL) and CRC 670 project TP19 (JEP, TG). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Thank you to Prof. Karl-Heinz Kogel for his support and the opportunity to continue this project; Sally James (York University Biology Technology facility) for performing RNAseq library prep; Tina Payne and Christina Neumann for their assistance with transgenic plants; Dr Hazel McLellan (James Hutton Institute, Dundee) for providing the NbTPL construct; Prof. Jeffrey Long for sharing with us the TPL?CTLH mutant construct; Dr Barry Causier for sharing TPR1-4 constructs; Dr. Yuelin Zhang for sharing the tpr1-tpl-tp4 mutant line; Prof. David Mackey (The Ohio State University, Columbus) for sharing pCsVMV-HA3-N-1300 vector and Dr Francois Parcy (University Grenoble, France) for the BiFP vectors. Publisher Copyright: © 2020 Harvey et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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