The membrane-localized protein kinase MAP4K4/TOT3 regulates thermomorphogenesis
Vu, Lam Dai; Xu, Xiangyu; Zhu, Tingting; Pan, Lixia; van Zanten, Martijn; de Jong, Dorrit; Wang, Yaowei; Vanremoortele, Tim; Locke, Anna M.; van de Cotte, Brigitte; De Winne, Nancy; Stes, Elisabeth; Russinova, Eugenia; De Jaeger, Geert; Van Damme, Daniël; Uauy, Cristobal; Gevaert, Kris; De Smet, Ive
(2021) Nature Communications, volume 12, issue 1, pp. 1 - 14
(Article)
Abstract
Plants respond to mild warm temperature conditions by increased elongation growth of organs to enhance cooling capacity, in a process called thermomorphogenesis. To this date, the regulation of thermomorphogenesis has been exclusively shown to intersect with light signalling pathways. To identify regulators of thermomorphogenesis that are conserved in flowering plants,
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we map changes in protein phosphorylation in both dicots and monocots exposed to warm temperature. We identify MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASE KINASE KINASE4 (MAP4K4)/TARGET OF TEMPERATURE3 (TOT3) as a regulator of thermomorphogenesis that impinges on brassinosteroid signalling in Arabidopsis thaliana. In addition, we show that TOT3 plays a role in thermal response in wheat, a monocot crop. Altogether, the conserved thermal regulation by TOT3 expands our knowledge of thermomorphogenesis beyond the well-studied pathways and can contribute to ensuring food security under a changing climate.
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Keywords: General Chemistry, General Biochemistry,Genetics and Molecular Biology, General Physics and Astronomy
ISSN: 2041-1723
Publisher: Nature Publishing Group
Note: Funding Information: We thank Barbara Wrzesinska for technical help and Bert De Rybel for providing critical comments on the manuscript. We thank the following colleagues for providing materials: Pablo D. Cerdán (phyb-9), Salomé Prat (pif4-101) and Yanhai Yin (anti-BES1 antibody). We also express our gratitude to Thomas Jacobs for advice on generating CRISPR mutants for TOI4 and TOI5 and Martha Ramirez for soybean growth. The EMS-mutagenized population of bread wheat cv. Cadenza was developed by Andy Phillips at Rothamsted. We acknowledge the Germplasm Resources Unit (GRU) at JIC for providing wheat seeds. L.D.V was a recipient of the VIB International PhD Scholarship in Life Sciences. X.X., T.Z and Y.W. are supported by grants from the Chinese Scholarship Council. A.L. was supported by a grant from the North Carolina Soybean Producers Association. Publisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s).
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