Overview of Cattle Diseases Listed Under Category C, D or E in the Animal Health Law for Which Control Programmes Are in Place Within Europe
Hodnik, Jaka Jakob; Acinger-Rogić, Žaklin; Alishani, Mentor; Autio, Tiina; Balseiro, Ana; Berezowski, John; Carmo, Luís Pedro; Chaligiannis, Ilias; Conrady, Beate; Costa, Lina; Cvetkovikj, Iskra; Davidov, Ivana; Dispas, Marc; Djadjovski, Igor; Duarte, Elsa Leclerc; Faverjon, Céline; Fourichon, Christine; Frössling, Jenny; Gerilovych, Anton; Gethmann, Jörn; Gomes, Jacinto; Graham, David; Guelbenzu, Maria; Gunn, George J.; Henry, Madeleine K.; Hopp, Petter; Houe, Hans; Irimia, Elena; Ježek, Jožica; Juste, Ramon A.; Kalaitzakis, Emmanouil; Kaler, Jasmeet; Kaplan, Selcuk; Kostoulas, Polychronis; Kovalenko, Kaspars; Kneževič, Nada; Knific, Tanja; Koleci, Xhelil; Madouasse, Aurélien; Malakauskas, Alvydas; Mandelik, Rene; Meletis, Eleftherios; Mincu, Madalina; Mõtus, Kerli; Muñoz-Gómez, Violeta; Niculae, Mihaela; Nikitović, Jelena; Ocepek, Matjaž; Tangen-Opsal, Marie; Ózsvári, László; Papadopoulos, Dimitrios; Papadopoulos, Theofilos; Pelkonen, Sinikka; Polak, Miroslaw Pawel; Pozzato, Nicola; Rapaliuté, Eglé; Ribbens, Stefaan; Niza-Ribeiro, João; Roch, Franz Ferdinand; Rosenbaum Nielsen, Liza; Saez, Jose Luis; Nielsen, Søren Saxmose; van Schaik, Gerdien; Schwan, Ebba; Sekovska, Blagica; Starič, Jože; Strain, Sam; Šatran, Petr; Šerić-Haračić, Sabina; Tamminen, Lena Mari; Thulke, Hans Hermann; Toplak, Ivan; Tuunainen, Erja; Verner, Sharon; Vilček, Štefan; Yildiz, Ramazan; Santman-Berends, Inge M.G.A.
(2021) Frontiers in Veterinary Science, volume 8, pp. 1 - 13
(Article)
Abstract
The COST action “Standardising output-based surveillance to control non-regulated diseases of cattle in the European Union (SOUND control),” aims to harmonise the results of surveillance and control programmes (CPs) for non-EU regulated cattle diseases to facilitate safe trade and improve overall control of cattle infectious diseases. In this paper we
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aimed to provide an overview on the diversity of control for these diseases in Europe. A non-EU regulated cattle disease was defined as an infectious disease of cattle with no or limited control at EU level, which is not included in the European Union Animal health law Categories A or B under Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/2002. A CP was defined as surveillance and/or intervention strategies designed to lower the incidence, prevalence, mortality or prove freedom from a specific disease in a region or country. Passive surveillance, and active surveillance of breeding bulls under Council Directive 88/407/EEC were not considered as CPs. A questionnaire was designed to obtain country-specific information about CPs for each disease. Animal health experts from 33 European countries completed the questionnaire. Overall, there are 23 diseases for which a CP exists in one or more of the countries studied. The diseases for which CPs exist in the highest number of countries are enzootic bovine leukosis, bluetongue, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine viral diarrhoea and anthrax (CPs reported by between 16 and 31 countries). Every participating country has on average, 6 CPs (min–max: 1–13) in place. Most programmes are implemented at a national level (86%) and are applied to both dairy and non-dairy cattle (75%). Approximately one-third of the CPs are voluntary, and the funding structure is divided between government and private resources. Countries that have eradicated diseases like enzootic bovine leukosis, bluetongue, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine viral diarrhoea have implemented CPs for other diseases to further improve the health status of cattle in their country. The control of non-EU regulated cattle diseases is very heterogenous in Europe. Therefore, the standardising of the outputs of these programmes to enable comparison represents a challenge.
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Keywords: cattle, control programmes, disease control, Europe, output-based standards, SOUND control, General Veterinary
ISSN: 2297-1769
Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.
Note: Funding Information: The authors would like to thank Heinzpeter Schwermer, Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office, Bern, Switzerland for helping compile the information for Switzerland, and Sara Savi?, PhD, DVM, senior research fellow and Dejan Bugarski, PhD, DVM, senior research associate from Scientific Veterinary Institute Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia for helping compile the information for Serbia. Funding. This article is based upon work from COST Action Standardising output-based surveillance to control non-regulated diseases of cattle in the European Union (SOUND control) CA17110 supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology)3. COST is a funding agency for research and innovation networks. Actions help connect research initiatives across Europe and enable scientists to grow their ideas by sharing them with their peers. This boosts their research, career and innovation. Publisher Copyright: © Copyright © 2021 Hodnik, Acinger-Rogić, Alishani, Autio, Balseiro, Berezowski, Carmo, Chaligiannis, Conrady, Costa, Cvetkovikj, Davidov, Dispas, Djadjovski, Duarte, Faverjon, Fourichon, Frössling, Gerilovych, Gethmann, Gomes, Graham, Guelbenzu, Gunn, Henry, Hopp, Houe, Irimia, Ježek, Juste, Kalaitzakis, Kaler, Kaplan, Kostoulas, Kovalenko, Kneževič, Knific, Koleci, Madouasse, Malakauskas, Mandelik, Meletis, Mincu, Mõtus, Muñoz-Gómez, Niculae, Nikitović, Ocepek, Tangen-Opsal, Ózsvári, Papadopoulos, Papadopoulos, Pelkonen, Polak, Pozzato, Rapaliuté, Ribbens, Niza-Ribeiro, Roch, Rosenbaum Nielsen, Saez, Nielsen, van Schaik, Schwan, Sekovska, Starič, Strain, Šatran, Šerić-Haračić, Tamminen, Thulke, Toplak, Tuunainen, Verner, Vilček, Yildiz and Santman-Berends.
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