Risk Factors for Antimicrobial Resistance in Turkey Farms: A Cross-Sectional Study in Three European Countries
Horie, Mayu; Yang, Dongsheng; Joosten, Philip; Munk, Patrick; Wadepohl, Katharina; Chauvin, Claire; Moyano, Gabriel; Skarżyńska, Magdalena; Dewulf, jeroen; Aarestrup, Frank M.; Blaha, Thomas; Sanders, Pascal; Gonzalez-Zorn, Bruno; Wasyl, Dariusz; Wagenaar, Jaap A.; Heederik, Dick; Mevius, Dik; Schmitt, Heike; Smit, Lidwien AM; Gompel, Liese Van
(2021) Antibiotics, volume 10, issue 7, pp. 1 - 20
(Article)
Abstract
Food-producing animals are an important reservoir and potential source of transmission of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to humans. However, research on AMR in turkey farms is limited. This study aimed to identify risk factors for AMR in turkey farms in three European countries (Germany, France, and Spain). Between 2014 and 2016,
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faecal samples, antimicrobial usage (AMU), and biosecurity information were collected from 60 farms. The level of AMR in faecal samples was quantified in three ways: By measuring the abundance of AMR genes through (i) shotgun metagenomics sequencing (n = 60), (ii) quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) targeting ermB, tetW, sul2, and aph3′-III; (n = 304), and (iii) by identifying the phenotypic prevalence of AMR in Escherichia coli isolates by minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) (n = 600). The association between AMU or biosecurity and AMR was explored. Significant positive associations were detected between AMU and both genotypic and phenotypic AMR for specific antimicrobial classes. Beta-lactam and colistin resistance (metagenomics sequencing); ampicillin and ciprofloxacin resistance (MIC) were associated with AMU. However, no robust AMU-AMR association was detected by analyzing qPCR targets. In addition, no evidence was found that lower biosecurity increases AMR abundance. Using multiple complementary AMR detection methods added insights into AMU-AMR associations at turkey farms.
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Keywords: Antimicrobial resistance, Antimicrobial resistance genes, Antimicrobial use, Biosecurity, Farm, Isolates, Metagenomics, Poultry, QPCR, Risk factor, Turkeys, Microbiology, Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics(all), Microbiology (medical), Infectious Diseases, Pharmacology (medical)
ISSN: 2079-6382
Publisher: MDPI AG
Note: Funding Information: Funding: This work was part of the Ecology from Farm to Fork of Microbial drug Resistance and Transmission (EFFORT) project (http://www.effort-against-amr.eu, accessed on 28 March 2021), co-funded by the European Commission, 7th Framework Programme for Research and Innovation (FP7-KBBE-2013–7, grant agreement: 613754). Research at the National Veterinary Research Institute (PIWet), Poland, was also supported by the donation of the Polish Ministry of Science, no. 3173/7PR/2014/2. Funding Information: This work was part of the Ecology from Farm to Fork of Microbial drug Resistance and Transmission (EFFORT) project (http://www.effort-against-amr.eu, accessed on 28 March 2021), co-funded by the European Commission, 7th Framework Programme for Research and Innova-tion (FP7-KBBE-2013?7, grant agreement: 613754). Research at the National Veterinary Research Institute (PIWet), Poland, was also supported by the donation of the Polish Ministry of Science, no. 3173/7PR/2014/2. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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