Abstract
Throughout their 420-Ma-long history, Lycopodiopsida have played a subordinate role at the landscape level with very few exceptions. One being the arborescent Lepidodendrales that dominated Pennsylvanian peat swamps in equatorial regions. Another is the enigmatic world-wide proliferation of sub-arborescent Isoëtales during, and in the aftermath of the Permo-Triassic terrestrial biosphere
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