Meta-heterogeneity: evaluating and describing the diversity in glycosylation between sites on the same glycoprotein
Caval, Tomislav; Heck, Albert J R; Reiding, Karli R
(2021) Molecular and Cellular Proteomics, volume 20, pp. 1 - 14
(Article)
Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based glycoproteomics has gone through some incredible developments over the last few years. Technological advances in glycopeptide enrichment, fragmentation methods, and data analysis workflows have enabled the transition of glycoproteomics from a niche application, mainly focused on the characterization of isolated glycoproteins, to a mature technology capable of profiling
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thousands of intact glycopeptides at once. In addition to numerous biological discoveries catalyzed by the technology, we are also observing an increase in studies focusing on global protein glycosylation and the relationship between multiple glycosylation sites on the same protein. It has become apparent that just describing protein glycosylation in terms of micro- and macro-heterogeneity, respectively the variation and occupancy of glycans at a given site, is not sufficient to describe the observed interactions between sites. In this perspective we propose a new term, meta-heterogeneity, to describe a higher level of glycan regulation: the variation in glycosylation across multiple sites of a given protein. We provide literature examples of extensive meta-heterogeneity on relevant proteins such as antibodies, erythropoietin, myeloperoxidase and a number of serum and plasma proteins. Furthermore, we postulate on the possible biological reasons and causes behind the intriguing meta-heterogeneity observed in glycoproteins.
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Keywords: Meta-heterogeneity, micro-heterogeneity, macro-heterogeneity, glycosylation (glycan), N-glycosylation(N-glycan), O-glycosylation (O-glycan), C-glycosylation (C-glycan), C-mannosylation, paucimannosylation, phosphomannosylation, immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), immunoglobulin A (IgA), apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoB-100), erythropoietin (EPO), properdin, acute phase protein, alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), proteoform, glycoproteoforms, Analytical Chemistry, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry
ISSN: 1535-9476
Publisher: American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Inc.
Note: Publisher Copyright: © 2020 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier Inc on behalf of American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
(Peer reviewed)
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