Urban governance and partnerships in Indian and Chinese cities: Examples from Delhi, Beijing and Shanghai

Abstract

Both India and China are countries in transition. Both are fast growing economies showing enormous growth rates; but this growth comes at a cost: the burgeoning population in the cities is putting pressure on water and energy resources, public health, education, and infrastructure. Urban governments are unable to address these major challenges on their own. Private capital, investments, and knowledge are needed as well as a strong civil society and active citizenship in order to create legitimate and economically sustainable public services.