Consumption of a diet high in dairy leads to higher 15:0 in cholesteryl esters of healthy people when compared to diets high in meat and grain
Vissers, Linda E T; Soedamah-Muthu, Sabita S; van der Schouw, Yvonne T; Zuithoff, Nicolaas P A; Geleijnse, Johanna M; Sluijs, Ivonne
(2020) NMCD : Nutrition metabolism and cardiovascular diseases, volume 30, issue 5, pp. 804 - 809
(Article)
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: A higher dairy product intake has been associated to higher blood concentrations of 15:0 (pentadecanoic acid), 17:0 (margaric acid), and 14:0 (myristic acid). This study investigates whether a diet high in dairy products influences cholesteryl ester fatty acid concentrations of these specific fatty acids (FA). METHODS AND
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RESULTS: In a randomized multiple cross-over study, 13 men and 17 women aged 22 ± 4 years with a BMI of 21.6 ± 2.2 kg/m2 received 3 isocaloric intervention diets (dairy, meat or grain) in random order. For this post-hoc analysis, FA in plasma cholesteryl esters were measured using gas chromatography. We performed a linear mixed model per centered log-ratio transformed FA, adjusting for period, and the interaction between diet and period. Consumed total fat intake per controlled intervention diet was 31.0 ± 0.9 en%/day (dairy), 31.5 ± 0.6 en%/day (meat), and 28.4 ± 1.2 en%/day (grain), respectively. The dairy diet led to higher relative concentrations of 15:0 when compared to diets high in meat and grain, (β; 0.27, 95%CI: 0.18,0.37; p = 1.2 × 10-5, and β: 0.15; 95%CI: 0.06,0.24; p = 1.2 × 10-2, respectively). The dairy diet also led to higher 14:0 when compared to the meat diet (β: 0.34; 95%CI: 0.21,0.46; p = 6.0 × 10-5), but not when compared to the grain diet. 17:0 did not differ between diets. CONCLUSION: The plasma cholesteryl ester fraction after a diet high in dairy was characterized by higher 15:0 levels. Concentrations of 14:0 were only higher when comparing the FA profile after a diet high in dairy when compared to a diet high in meat. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01314040.
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Keywords: Circulating fatty acids, Dairy products, Margaric acid, Myristic acid, Pentadecanoic acid, Randomized cross-over trial, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Nutrition and Dietetics, Medicine (miscellaneous), Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Journal Article
ISSN: 0939-4753
Publisher: Elsevier
Note: Funding Information: I Sluijs was supported by a personal Dr. Dekker postdoctoral grant (2015T019) from the Netherlands Heart Foundation.IS and YTvdS report grants from Unilever Research and Development, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands, for epidemiological studies of dietary fatty acids and cardiometabolic disease risk. JMG received funding from Unilever Research and Development, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands, for epidemiological studies of dietary and circulating fatty acids in cardiac patients. SSSM received unrestricted grants for prior meta-analyses work by the Dutch Dairy Association, Global Dairy Platform, The Dairy Research Institute and Dairy Australia. Other authors have no conflict of interest to declare.IS was supported by a personal Dr. Dekker postdoctoral grant (2015T019) from the Netherlands Heart Foundation. The funding source had no involvement in the study. Author contributions are as follows: LV and IS designed research (project conception and development of overall research plan); MJG and SSSM provided essential materials; LV performed statistical analysis; LV, SSSM, YTvdS, NPAZ, MJG and IS wrote paper; LV had primary responsibility for final content. All authors read and approved the final version of the paper. Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Italian Society of Diabetology, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition, and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University
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