Snake Venom Gland Organoids
Post, Yorick; Puschhof, Jens; Beumer, Joep; Kerkkamp, Harald M; de Bakker, Merijn A G; Slagboom, Julien; de Barbanson, Buys; Wevers, Nienke R; Spijkers, Xandor M; Olivier, Thomas; Kazandjian, Taline D; Ainsworth, Stuart; Iglesias, Carmen Lopez; van de Wetering, Willine J; Heinz, Maria C; van Ineveld, Ravian L; van Kleef, Regina G D M; Begthel, Harry; Korving, Jeroen; Bar-Ephraim, Yotam E; Getreuer, Walter; Rios, Anne C; Westerink, Remco H S; Snippert, Hugo J G; van Oudenaarden, Alexander; Peters, Peter J; Vonk, Freek J; Kool, Jeroen; Richardson, Michael K; Casewell, Nicholas R; Clevers, Hans
(2020) Cell, volume 180, issue 2, pp. 233 - 247
(Article)
Abstract
Wnt dependency and Lgr5 expression define multiple mammalian epithelial stem cell types. Under defined growth factor conditions, such adult stem cells (ASCs) grow as 3D organoids that recapitulate essential features of the pertinent epithelium. Here, we establish long-term expanding venom gland organoids from several snake species. The newly assembled transcriptome
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of the Cape coral snake reveals that organoids express high levels of toxin transcripts. Single-cell RNA sequencing of both organoids and primary tissue identifies distinct venom-expressing cell types as well as proliferative cells expressing homologs of known mammalian stem cell markers. A hard-wired regional heterogeneity in the expression of individual venom components is maintained in organoid cultures. Harvested venom peptides reflect crude venom composition and display biological activity. This study extends organoid technology to reptilian tissues and describes an experimentally tractable model system representing the snake venom gland.
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ISSN: 0092-8674
Publisher: Cell Press
Note: Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
(Peer reviewed)
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