Clinical outcomes in the treatment of unilateral condylar fractures: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

The treatment of mandibular condyle fractures has been the subject of considerable discussion, especially whether open or closed treatment should be used. There is a need for practical, evidence-based guidelines, and both objective and subjective parameters should be measured. To date, few studies have considered clinically relevant subjective parameters. This study was performed to evaluate the outcomes of the treatment of condylar fractures using the Mandibular Function Impairment Questionnaire (MFIQ) and the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) and to compare the outcomes of open and the closed treatment. Patients with condylar fractures and at least 1 year of follow-up were examined. These patients completed the MFIQ and other questionnaires, and were examined according to the DC/TMD. Seventy-four of 171 eligible patients participated in this study. The mean MFIQ score was 10.70 (standard error 2.9) in the open group and 4.96 (standard error 1.3) in the closed group (P = 0.023), an outcome in favour of the closed treatment group. Examination according to the DC/TMD did not reveal a significant prevalence of TMD complaints. Closed treatment appears to be a safe and appropriate modality for most unilateral condylar fractures. Although the open group in general showed similar outcomes, this treatment should be reserved for limited indications.