Links Between Atherosclerosis and Osteoporosis in Middle Aged and Elderly Men

Abstract

Background: Although the incidences of osteoporosis and atherosclerosis increase with age, there is growing evidence that the coincidental occurrence of both diseases may be independent of age. In general, studies in men are scarce and results are inconsistent. Objective: to investigate the relationship between atherosclerosis and bone mineral density, and the influence of insulin sensitivity and low grade inflammation on this relationship in 332 men without CVD. Methods: Aortic Pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AIX) and measurements of carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) were assessed. BMD measurements were performed with dual-X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), subcutaneous fat by ultrasonography. Serum concentrations of lipids, hsCRP, glucose and insulin were measured. Insulin sensitivity was calculated by use of the quantitative insulin sensitivity (QUICKI). We used multivariate linear regression models to examine the association of hsCRP, insulin sensitivity, PWV, Aix, CIMT with BMD. Results: A higher CIMT was significantly associated with higher BMD after multivariate adjustment (β 99.7; p=0.02). Further adjustment for weight attenuated the estimates towards non-significant. No association was found between PWV or AIX and BMD. Lower insulin sensitivity was associated with higher BMD (β -645.1; p<0.01). After adjustment for weight this association was no longer significant. A similar effect was seen for the association between hsCRP and BMD. Conclusion: In this population of healthy, non-obese, men without a history of cardiovascular disease the positively association between cardiovascular parameters and BMD was mainly explained by weight, suggesting that in this population weight plays a protective role in the development of osteoporosis