31P T2s of phosphomonoesters, phosphodiesters, and inorganic phosphate in the human brain at 7T
van der Kemp, Wybe J M; Klomp, Dennis W J; Wijnen, Jannie P
(2018) Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, volume 80, issue 1, pp. 29 - 35
(Article)
Abstract
PURPOSE: To determine the phosphorus-31 T 2 s of phosphomonoesters, phosphodiesters, and inorganic phosphate in the healthy human brain at 7T. METHODS: A 3D chemical shift imaging multi-echo sequence with composite block pulses for refocusing was used to measure one free induction decay (FID) and seven full echoes with an echo
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spacing of 45 ms on the brain of nine healthy volunteers (age range 22-45 years; average age 27 ± 8 years). Spectral fitting was used to determine the change in metabolic signal amplitude with echo time. RESULTS: The average apparent T 2 s with their standard deviation were 202 ± 6 ms, 129 ± 6 ms, 86 ± 2 ms, 214 ± 10 ms, and 213 ± 11 ms for phosphoethanolamine, phosphocholine, inorganic phosphate, glycerophosphoethanolamine, and glycerophosphocholine, respectively. CONCLUSION: The determined apparent T 2 for phosphoethanolamine, glycerophosphocholine, and glycerophosphoethanolamine is approximately 200 ms. The lower apparent T 2 value for phosphocholine is attributed to the overlap of this resonance with the 3-phosphorous resonance of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate from blood, with an apparent shorter T 2 . Omitting the FID signal and the first echo of phosphocholine leads to a T 2 of 182 ± 7 ms, whereas a biexponential analysis leads to 203 ± 4 ms. These values are more in line with phosphoethanolamine and the phosphodiesters. The short T 2 of inorganic phosphate is subscribed to the fast reversible exchange with γ-adenosine triphosphate, which is mediated by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphoglycerate kinase within the glycolytic pathway. Magn Reson Med 80:29-35, 2018. © 2017 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
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Keywords: 31P, healthy brain, T2, CPMG, 7T, phosphomonoesters, phosphodiesters, inorganic phosphate, P, T, Humans, Middle Aged, Male, Oligonucleotides/chemistry, Healthy Volunteers, Adenosine Triphosphate/chemistry, Young Adult, Brain/diagnostic imaging, Adult, Female, Phosphates/chemistry, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Artifacts, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Phosphorus/chemistry, Brain Mapping, Glycolysis, Esters/chemistry, P-31, T-2, Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Journal Article
ISSN: 0740-3194
Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
Note: Funding Information: Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Grant sponsor: Dutch Cancer Society, Alpe d’Huzes; Grant number: UU2013-6302; Grant sponsor: Dutch Scientific Organization; Grant number: VENI-JW-016.148.002. *Correspondence to: Wybe J.M. van der Kemp, Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands. E-mail: w.j.m.vanderkemp@umcutrecht.nl Received 20 July 2017; revised 3 November 2017; accepted 3 November 2017 DOI 10.1002/mrm.27026 Published online 7 December 2017 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary. com). VC 2017 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes. Publisher Copyright: © 2017 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
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