Xenopus egg extract: A powerful tool to study genome maintenance mechanisms
Hoogenboom, Wouter S.; Klein Douwel, Daisy; Knipscheer, Puck
(2017) Developmental Biology, volume 428, issue 2, pp. 300 - 309
(Article)
Abstract
DNA repair pathways are crucial to maintain the integrity of our genome and prevent genetic diseases such as cancer. There are many different types of DNA damage and specific DNA repair mechanisms have evolved to deal with these lesions. In addition to these repair pathways there is an extensive signaling
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network that regulates processes important for repair, such as cell cycle control and transcription. Despite extensive research, DNA damage repair and signaling are not fully understood. In vitro systems such as the Xenopus egg extract system, have played, and still play, an important role in deciphering the molecular details of these processes. Xenopus laevis egg extracts contain all factors required to efficiently perform DNA repair outside a cell, using mechanisms conserved in humans. These extracts have been used to study several genome maintenance pathways, including mismatch repair, non-homologous end joining, ICL repair, DNA damage checkpoint activation, and replication fork stability. Here we describe how the Xenopus egg extract system, in combination with specifically designed DNA templates, contributed to our detailed understanding of these pathways.
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Keywords: Animals, Cell Fractionation, DNA Damage, DNA Repair, DNA Replication, Female, Genome, Models, Genetic, Ovum, Signal Transduction, Xenopus laevis, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Molecular Biology, Developmental Biology, Cell Biology, Journal Article, Review
ISSN: 0012-1606
Publisher: Academic Press Inc.
Note: Funding Information: We apologize to our colleagues whose work we did not cite because of space constraints. This work was supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research ( VIDI 700.10.421 to P.K.) and a project grant from the Dutch Cancer Society ( KWF HUBR 2015-7736 to P.K.). We thank Tatsuro Takahashi, Thomas Graham and Anja Duursma for suggestions on parts of the manuscript. Funding Information: We apologize to our colleagues whose work we did not cite because of space constraints. This work was supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (VIDI 700.10.421 to P.K.) and a project grant from the Dutch Cancer Society (KWF HUBR 2015-7736 to P.K.). We thank Tatsuro Takahashi, Thomas Graham and Anja Duursma for suggestions on parts of the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: © 2017
(Peer reviewed)