Abstract
Minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) was designed to reduce surgical trauma, resulting in lower rates of morbidity and mortality. MIE has been shown to decrease blood loss, reduce postoperative complications, and shorten hospital stay, with comparable oncological results. In 2003 the robot–assisted thoraco–laparoscopic esophagectomy (RAMIE) was developed at UMC Utrecht. Robot–assisted
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