Abstract
Introduction............... 11
2. Anatomy
2.1 Introduction.............. 13
2.2 Descriptive and topographical anatomy..... 13
2.2.1 Articulus femoro-patellaris....... 13
2.2.2 Articulus femoro-tibialis........
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14
2.2.3 Differential points in cattle....... 15
2.3 Functional anatomy........... 16
2.3.1 Functions of the joint in the standing position . 16
2.3.2 Functions of the joint during progression ... 17
2.3.2.1 Extension.......... 18
2.3.2.2 Flexion.......... 19
3. Biomechanics
3.1 Introduction.............. 20
3.2 Spin or rotation............. 20
3.3 Determination of Hypomochlion of the medial femoral
condyle............... 22
3.4 Topographical relation between the centres of rotation
and the middle patellar ligament....... 24
3.5 Discussion..............25
4. Functional disorders of the femoro-patellar articulation
4.1 Terminology.............. 27
4.1.1 Classification........... 29
4.2 Dorsal fixation of the patella......... 30
4.2.1 Recurrent dorsal fixation........ 30
4.2.1.1 Aetiology.......... 30
4.2.1.2 Symptoms.......... 30
4.2.1.3 Treatments......... 31
4.2.1.3.1 Nonoperative and results . 32
4.2.1.3.2 Operative and results ... 33
4.2.2 Permanent dorsal fixation....... 34
4.2.2.1 Symptoms.......... 34
4.2.2.2 Treatment.......... 34
4.2.3 Dorsal fixation of the patella due to coxofemoral
dislocation in ponies......... 35
4.2.3.1 Symptoms.......... 35
4.2.3.2 Prognosis and treatment..... 354.2.4 Discussion............ 36
4.2.5 Ventral fixation of the patella...... 37
4.3 Lateral Iuxation or subluxation of the patella ... 38
4.3.1 Recurrent lateral (sub) Iuxation of the patella 38
4.3.1.1 Aetiology and incidence..... 38
4.3.1.2 Symptoms.......... 39
4.3.1.3 Treatment.......... 39
4.3.1.4 Results........... 41
4.3.1.5 Experimental study....... 41
4.3.2 Permanent lateral Iuxation of the patella ... 45
4.3.2.1 Aetiology.......... 45
4.3.2.2 Symptoms.......... 45
4.3.2.3 Treatment.......... 47
4.3.2.4 Results........... 49
4.3.3 Medial Iuxation of the patella...... 52
4.3.4 Pathology of the stifle joint having patellar
Iuxation............. 52
4.3.5 Discussion............ 54
4.3.6 Patellar disfunction due to the paralysis of the
femoral nerve........... 54
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