Is Previous Respiratory Disease a Risk Factor for Lung Cancer?
Denholm, Rachel; Schüz, Joachim; Straif, Kurt; Stücker, Isabelle; Jöckel, Karl-Heinz; Brenner, Darren R; De Matteis, Sara; Boffetta, Paolo; Guida, Florence; Brüske, Irene; Wichmann, Heinz-Erich; Landi, Maria Teresa; Caporaso, Neil; Siemiatycki, Jack; Ahrens, Wolfgang; Pohlabeln, Hermann; Zaridze, David; Field, John K; McLaughlin, John; Demers, Paul; Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Neonila; Lissowska, Jolanta; Rudnai, Peter; Fabianova, Eleonora; Dumitru, Rodica Stanescu; Bencko, Vladimir; Foretova, Lenka; Janout, Vladimir; Kendzia, Benjamin; Peters, Susan; Behrens, Thomas; Vermeulen, Roel; Brüning, Thomas; Kromhout, Hans; Olsson, Ann
(2014) American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, volume 190, issue 5, pp. 549 - 559
(Article)
Abstract
Rationale: Previous respiratory diseases have been associated with increased risk of lung cancer. Respiratory conditions often co-occur and few studies have investigated multiple conditions simultaneously. Objectives: Investigate lung cancer risk associated with chronic bronchitis, emphysema, tuberculosis, pneumonia and asthma. Methods and Measurements: The SYNERGY project pooled information on previous respiratory
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diseases from 12,739 cases and 14,945 controls from 7 case-control studies conducted in Europe and Canada. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationship between individual diseases adjusting for co-occurring conditions, and patterns of respiratory disease diagnoses and lung cancer. Analyses were stratified by sex, and adjusted for age, centre, ever-employed in a high-risk occupation, education, smoking status, cigarette pack-years and time-since quitting smoking. Main Results: Chronic bronchitis and emphysema were positively associated with lung cancer, after accounting for other respiratory diseases and smoking (for example in men OR=1.33; 95% CI 1.20-1.48 and 1.50; 1.21-1.87, respectively). A positive relationship was observed between lung cancer and pneumonia diagnosed 2 or fewer years prior to lung cancer (OR=3.31; 2.33-4.70 for men), but not longer. Co-occurrence of chronic bronchitis, emphysema and pneumonia had a stronger positive association with lung cancer than individual conditions. Asthma had an inverse association with lung cancer, the association being stronger with an asthma diagnosis 5 or more years prior to lung cancer compared to shorter. Conclusions: Findings from this large international case-control consortium indicate that after accounting for co-occurring respiratory diseases, chronic bronchitis and emphysema continue to have a positive association with lung cancer.
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Keywords: epidemiologic study, lung neoplasm, pulmonary disease, data pooling, case–control study
ISSN: 1073-449X
Publisher: American Thoracic Society
(Peer reviewed)