The association between gut microbiota and type I diabetes

Abstract

The gut microbial environment plays a crucial role in the development of the immune system, and in the protection of the host. However, studies have indicated a role of the gut bacteria in the development of certain immunological diseases, including type 1 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is thought to be a complex disease, due to the role of both genetics and environment in its development. One of these environmental factors that seem to be correlating with T1D development is the gut microbial composition, which in turn is affected by a myriad of other factors including diet as well as neonatal immune system development. In this review, we aim to identify these factors, and understand the molecular origins behind the association between T1D and gut microbiota. In addition, we aim to understand whether there exists an ideal intestinal microbial population that is best resistant towards T1D development. Comprehending this may allow for medicine to approach T1D, as well as other autoimmune diseases, from a different perspective, allowing for targeted screening and preventative therapies.