Understanding transition dynamics using a combined TIS-MLP approach

Abstract

We studied the transition to animal-free testing in medicine regulation and while doing this we follow-up on the suggestion of Markard and Truffer (2008) that combining the Technological Innovation System (TIS) and Multi Level Perspective (MLP) is very useful for understanding societal transitions. The urgency of the transition to animal-free medicine testing is due to the societal resistance, the huge quantities of animals that are used and the scientific dispute concerning the value of animal testing...