Function Simulation, Graph Grammars and Colourings

Abstract

We prove that to any partial function defined on a finite set, there corresponds an infinite class of graphs that could be generated by a graph grammar such that each graph in the class represents the function in the sense that evaluation of the function at any point x of its domain can be simulated by finding the unique extension of a partial vertex colouring of the graph specified by x. We show that in the proposed setup, generating such simulator graphs as well as finding the colouring extensions can be computed effectively in polynomial time. We also discuss some applications of this scenario in producing instances of the graph colouring problem near its col/uncol phase transition that can be applied in a cryptographic setting.