Improved nitrogen removal by application of new nitrogen-cycle bacteria (Review)
Jetten, M.S.M.; Schmid, M.; Schmidt, I.; Wubben, M.; Dongen, U. van; Abma, W.; Sliekers, O.; Revsbech, N.P.; Beaumont, H.J.E; Ottosen, L.; Volcke, E.; Laanbroek, H.J.; Campos-Gomez, J.L.; Cole, J.; Loosdrecht, M. van; Mulder, J.W.; Fuerst, J.; Richardson, D.; Pas, K. van de; Mendez-Pampin, R.; Third, K.; Cirpus, I.; Spanning, R. van; Bollmann, A.; Nielsen, L.P.; Camp, H. op den; Schultz, C.; Gundersen, J.; Vanrolleghem, P.; Strous, M.; Wagner, M.; Kuenen, J.G.
(2002) Re/Views in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, volume 1, pp. 51 - 63
(Article)
Abstract
In order to meet increasingly stringent European discharge standards, new applications and control strategies
for the sustainable removal of ammonia from wastewater have to be implemented. In this paper we discuss
a nitrogen removal system based on the processes of partial nitrification and anoxic ammonia oxidation
(anammox). The anammox process offers great opportunities
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to remove ammonia in fully autotrophic systems
with biomass retention. No organic carbon is needed in such nitrogen removal system, since ammonia is used
as electron donor for nitrite reduction. The nitrite can be produced from ammonia in oxygen-limited biofilm
systems or in continuous processes without biomass retention. For successful implementation of the combined
processes, accurate biosensors for measuring ammonia and nitrite concentrations, insight in the complex microbial
communities involved, and new control strategies have to be developed and evaluated.
Abbreviations: anammox – anaerobic ammonium oxidation; CANON – completely autotrophic nitrogen removal
over nitrite; FISH – fluorescence in situ hybridization; ISR – intergenic spacer region; Sharon – Single reactor
system for high rate ammonia removal over nitrite
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Keywords: ammonium, anammox, denitrification, nitrification, nitrite, planctomycetales
ISSN: 1572-9826 (Online)
1569-1705 (Print)
Publisher: Kluwer