De winkel en de wetenschap. Artsenijbereidkunde en toxicologie als universitaire vakken

Abstract

Shop and science: pharmacy and toxicology as scientific subjects The Higher Education Act of 1876 introduced pharmacy and toxicology as subjects in the science faculties of the four Dutch universities. In the following years pharmaceutical laboratories were set up. The newly established pharmacy courses were rather comprehensive. Their purpose was to train not only future dispensing-chemists but also staff-members of National inspection services like the Food Inspection Department. However, the job market in the latter area was soon filled to capacity, and almost all qualified pharmacists still found their job in dispensing. In the Netherlands the doctorate was no qualification to practise. The latter could only obtained by passing a state examination. The doctor's degree could, till 1917, only be granted to students with preliminary training at the traditional Dutch gymnasium'. Most pharmaceutical students however had followed the 'H.B.S.', a different kind of secondary education. These students therefore usually graduated at foreign universities.